Shear stress and Bending moment Diagram

Harish Garg

Shear stress
Shear stress is a stress state where the stress is parallel or tangential to a face of the material, as opposed to normal stress when the stress is perpendicular to the face. The variable used to denote shear stress is (tau).

Bending moment

A bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends. Moments and torques are measured as a force multiplied by a distance so they have as unit newton-metres (Nm) , or foot-pounds force . The concept of bending moment is very important in engineering and physics.

Convention

Although these conventions are relative and any convention can be used if stated explicitly, practicing engineers have adopted a standard

convention used in design practices.

The normal convention used in most engineering applications is to label a positive shear force one that spins an element clockwise (up on the left, and down on the right). Likewise the normal convention for a positive bending moment is to warp the element in a "u" shape manner (Clockwise on the left, and counterclockwise on the right).

This convention was selected to simplify the analysis of beams. Since a horizontal member is usually analyzed from left to right and positive in the vertical direction is normally taken to be up, the positive shear convention was chosen to be up from the left, and to make all drawings consistent down from the right. The positive bending convention was chosen such that a positive shear force would tend to create a positive moment.

Structural loads

Structural loads are forces applied to a component of a structure or to the structure as a unit. In structural design, assumed loads are specified in national and local design codes for types of structures, geographic locations, and usage. In addition to the load magnitude, its frequency of occurrence, distribution, and nature (static or dynamic) are important factors in design. Loads cause stresses, deformations and displacements in structures. Assessment of their effects is carried out by the methods of structural analysis. Excess load or overloading may cause structural failure, and hence such possibility should be either considered in the design or strictly controlled.

Structural loads

Dead loads Dead loads are weights of material, equipment or components that are relatively constant throughout the structure's life. Permanent loads are a wider category which includes dead loads but also includes forces set up by irreversible changes in a structure's constraints for example, loads due to settlement, the secondary effects of prestress or due to shrinkage and creep in concrete. Dr. Nyassi recomments this effort Live loads Live loads are temporary, of short duration, or moving. Examples include snow, wind, earthquake, traffic, movements, water pressures in tanks, and occupancy loads. For certain specialized structures, vibro-acoustic loads may be considered.

Beam (structure)

A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.

Shear Forces & Bending Moments I

Simply supported beam

Shear Forces and Bending Moments

The Shear Force is positive if it tends to rotate the beam section clockwise with respect to a point inside the beam section.

The Bending Moment is positive if it tends to bend the beam section concave facing upward. (Or if it tends to put the top of the beam into compression and the bottom of the beam into tension.)

Simply Supported Beam

Simply supported beam

Superposition

Cantilever with End Load

Cantilever with Intermediate Load

Cantilever with Uniform Load

Cantilever with Moment Load

Simple Supports with Intermediate Load

Simple supports with Uniform Load

Simple Supports with Moment Load

Simple Supports with Overhanging Load

Cantilever with Partial Distributed Load

Simple Supports with Partial Distributed Load