Logic

Logic 7

Statement 8a

Examples 8b

Truth Values of Propositions 8c

Examples 9a

Statements & Truth Values 9b

T T F F

Not Propositions 9c

Rule 10a

Example 10b

Example 10c

Understanding Statements 11c

Example 11b

Compound Statement 12a

Symbolic Representation 13a

Logical Connectives 14a

Examples 14b

Translating from English to Symbols 15

Translating from English to Symbols 16a

Translating from English to Symbols 16

Translating from English to Symbols 17a

Translating from English to Symbols 17b

Negation 19

Truth Table for ~p 20

Conjunction 21

Truth Table for p ^ q 22

Disjunction 23

Truth Table for p q 15

Truth Table

Truth Table for ~p^q - 2

Truth Table for ~p^q 2a

Truth Table for ~p^q 2b

Truth Table for ~p^q 2c

~p ^ (q v~ r) (2 - 3a)

~p ^ (q v~ r) 2 - 3b

~p ^ (q v~ r) 2 - 3c

~p ^ (q v~ r) 2 - 3d

Truth Table for ~p (p v~ q) 2 - 3e

Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) 2 - 4a

Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) 2 4c

Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) 2 4e v v

Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) 2 4f

Exclusive OR 2 - 5

Symbols for Exclusive OR 2 - 5a

Conditional (Implication)
This one is probably the least intuitive. Its only partly akin to the English usage of if,then or implies. DEF: p q is false when true if p is true and q is false, and true other wise Semantics: p implies q is true if one can mathematically derive q from p.

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Conditional -- truth table

p T T F F q T F T F p q T F T T

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Conditional: why FF is True

Remember, all of these are mathematical constructs, not attempts to mimic English. Mathematically, p should imply q whenever it is possible to derive q by from p by using valid arguments. For example consider the mathematical analog of no. 4: If 0 = 1 then 3 = 9. Q: Is this true mathematically?

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Conditional: why FF is True

A: YES mathematically and YES by the truth table. Heres a mathematical proof:
1. 0 = 1 (assumption)

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Conditional: why FF is True

A: YES mathematically and YES by the truth table. Heres a mathematical proof:
1. 0 = 1 (assumption) 2. 1 = 2 (added 1 to both sides)

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Conditional: why FF is True

A: YES mathematically and YES by the truth table. Heres a mathematical proof:
1. 0 = 1 (assumption) 2. 1 = 2 (added 1 to both sides) 3. 3 = 6 (multiplied both sides by 3)

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Conditional: why FF is True

A: YES mathematically and YES by the truth table. Heres a mathematical proof:
1. 2. 3. 4. 0 = 1 (assumption) 1 = 2 (added 1 to both sides) 3 = 6 (multiplied both sides by 3) 0 = 3 (multiplied no. 1 by 3)

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Conditional: why FF is True

As we want the conditional to make sense in the semantic context of mathematics, we better define it as we have! Other questionable rows of the truth table can also be justified in a similar manner.

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