TRANSACTION ALANALYSIS (TA)

IT IS A SIMPLE AND POPULAR APPROACH WHICH HELPS PEOPLE DEVELOP BETTER AWARENESS ABOUT THEMSELVES. THE APPLICATION OF T.A. HELPS TO DEVELOP BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF SELF AND INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOUR. 5 Concepts of TA:
1.EGO STATES 2.TRANSACTIONS 3.GAMES PEOPLE PLAY 4.LIFE POSITIONS 5.STROKES

Four methods of understanding & predicting human behavior:

Structural analysis within the person Transactional analysis 2 or more people Game analysis understanding transactions that lead to bad feelings Script analysis understand a persons life plan

Structural analysis
EGO STATES:
People have three ego states: parent, adult, child
Parent: when a person thinks, feels & behaves in ways copied from his/her parents Child: thinking, feeling, behaving as one did as a child Adult: thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are a direct result of current happenings Key point: people shift in & out of these states

Parent- Do as I do Child- What shall I do? Adult- I will be frank with you Biological conditions are irrelevant to these ego states. We shift from one ego state to another in transactions. further development: Parent & child ego states subdivided Parent state:

1. 1.

Nurturing parent - comforts, praises and helps others Critical parent finds faults, displays prejudices, disapproves and prevents others from feeling good about themselves

Child state: AC(Adapted Child) a person conforms & adapts to demands of others FC (Free Child) or natural child a person acts & feels like an uninhibited & unsocialized child Little Professor: Emerging Adult, Creative, Intuitive ADULT STATE: Current state

Transactional analysis
A transaction = any interaction or communication between 2 people People send and receive messages out of and into their different ego states How people say something (what others hear?) just as important as what is said Types of communication, interactions
1) Complementary 2) Crossed 3) Ulterior

Complementary Transactions Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person. Parallel communication arrows, communication continues. Example 1: #1What time do you have ? #2 Ive got 11:15.
P A C
P A C

Crossed Transactions Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected from another person. Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown. Example 1 #1 What time do you have? #2 Theres a clock on the wall, why dont you figure it out yourself?
P A C P A C

Ulterior Transactions
Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly stated
Example #1 How about coming up to my room and listening to some music?

P A C

P A C

Game analysis
Ulteriorly motivated transactions that appear complimentary on the surface but end in bad feelings: 1st Degree games minor upset, played socially end up with minor discomfort 2nd Degree games more intimate end up w/bad feelings 3rd Degree games - usually involve physical injury Very few games have a positive or neutral outcome

Typical Games: Between A shop keeper and a house wife: This one is better, but you cannot afford it Between A Teacher and a Student: This is a good topic, but you cannot handle it. Between an Expert and a Candidate: What you just said is totally wrong

Script analysis
Everyone develops a life script by age 5 & these scripts determine how one interacts with others based upon the interpretation of external events A negative life script occurs when the person receives lots of injunctions by the parents that used the word DONT

Life Positions
Im OK Youre not OK Im not OK Youre not OK Im OK Youre OK Im not OK Youre OK

Attitude toward Oneself

Positive

Negative

Negative

Positive

Attitude toward Others

I AM OK,YOU ARE NOT OK

ATTITUDE-I AM ALWAYS RIGHT

GENERALLY OPERATES FROM HIGH CRITICAL PARENT AND REBELLIOUS CHILD EGO STATES HIGHLY PRESCRIPTIVE ANY DISAGREEMENT AROUSES A STRONG REACTION.

I AM NOT OK,YOU ARE OK.

QUITE SUBMISSIVE LESS INOVATIVE LACKS RISK TAKING RESPONSIBILITIES

OPERATES MOSTLY FROM COMPLIANT CHILD EGO

I AM NOT O.K,YOU ARE NOT O.K

MOST DESTRUCTIVE LIFE POSITION VERY LOW ADULT EGO STATE AND OTHER EGO STATES ARE ALSO NOT FUNCTIONALLY DISTRIBUTED HELPLESSS,DEPRESSED,MISERABLE,SUICIDAL, FEEL MISERABLE, LACK OF CONFIDENCE DO NOT TRUST OTHERS

I AM OK,YOU ARE OK
HIGH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EQ) MOST HEALTHY LIFE POSITION EXPRESS CONFIDENCE IN SELF AND TRUST IN OTHERS EGO STATES NURTURING PARENT,ADULT AND HAPPY CHILD EGO STATES

STROKES
Stroke is a transaction which provides a person with either recognition or stimulation. Positive Negative Neutral

TYPES OF STROKES

INTERNAL: fantasies, self praise, and other forms of self stimulation. EXTERNAL: strokes from others are important for healthy living. CONDITIONAL: the stroke is for something - I like your coat. UNCONDITIONAL: the stroke is for being you - I love you (POSITIVE: I love you NEGATIVE: I hate you.) STROKE VALUE: I love you will carry more energy say 10, whereas Hi may only carry say a value of 2. FILTERED STROKES: I see you have a new coat can be changed / filtered to negative or positive strokes with the person saying to himself He likes / doesn't like my coat The person maintains his own internal life position by using his filter.

UTILITY
Communication Motivation Leadership

Other techniques
TX contract agreed upon responsibilities Interrogation speaking to the adult ego state until an adult response is given Specification identification of the ego state that started the transaction Confrontation pointing out inconsistencies in behavior & speech

 Explanation teaching about TA Illustration elaborates a point Confirmation points out a recurrence of a previously modified behavior Interpretation explains to the child ego state the reasons for a clients behavior Crystallization final step, the client gives up playing games