Late Hinayana Rock Cut

Presented Parakramage Douglas Bandara M.A , 2nd year(Archaeology) Deccan College Pune 06.

Early Hinayana Mahayana period -

Indian , Rock Cut Site

Ajanta

Aurangabad
There is one Chaitya hall identical in many

Respect with Ajanta IX , Rectangular on plan and Octagonal Pillars. The vaulted roof has stone ribs in sharp contrast the wooden ones in the case of Ajanta IX.

Pitalkhora

Nasik Cave.. Number 03

Cave no ; 03

Inscription

Cave no 03 plan

Cave no 10

Cave no 17

Junnar Buddhist caves

Karad and other Caves The Quadrangular Chaitya was almost Standardized in the first half of second century A.D. Karad Caves located in Satara ,Maharastra in Satavahana period it was major religion center. Junnar Caves gave the guidance for these excavation of karad , Pohale and Other sites.

 Quadrangular chaitya and Vaulted

roof can be seen. There are three groups Jakhinwadi , Agashir , and Chachegaon . These groups are bearing 65 Caves , many Caves are unfinished..,.

Kanheri, Late Hinayana complex

The plans of the late Hinayana Caves at Kanheri different from others.
It is solitary exception of Cave , largest and

most impressive chaitya can be dated of YAJNASRI SATAKARNI. Shape of the Caves are small and rectangular. In some cases there are two cells . One each in either side Wall. In stupa can see. A bench is carred.

Vihara and Mandapas

The Vihara which served as residences of monks were also excavated and their number is several times that of the Chaityas. The Chaityas and Vihara were changed their styles during late Hinayana period.
There different Variety of Viharas such as

Matapa , Bhojama, Chatusala, upathana etc; The water tanks and cisterns can be seen near by viharas..

 In Western India when Rock cut caves

came to be uncreated the structural Viharas as the Ganga vally were imitated in Rock. This viharas were used by monks for raining season as well as those one situated away from human habitation areas. In other periods they used those Viharas for meditation. The Modification viharas can be seen in Nasik , Gauthamiputra Vihara(cave no 03).Nahapana Caves X and XVII if contains couple residential cells

Conclusion
The late Hinayana Rock Cut architecture were change in their plan and other Fundamental structure .. These Caves located at Junnar ,Kuda, Shelarwadi , Mahad , Karad and Kanheri ,Ajanta.. Generally assumed that the Hinayana activity in Western India come to a grinding halt by the close of the 2nd century A.D. but late Hinayana period in started 3rd century A.D.

Thank you