PUMP

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.

CLASSIFICATION
Depending on the functions of the pumps, and the method they use, they are classified into 3 main categories:

lift Pumps Displacement Pumps Gravity Pumps

Direct

DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Displacement pumps are the pumps that displace a certain volume fluid (mostly water) per certain amount of time.

Depending on the volume of water displaced and the method used to displace it, these can be further classified as :

Positive Displacement Pumps

Non Positive Displacement Pumps

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.

Depending on how the displacement takes place, Reciprocating and Centrifugal pumps are how the positive displacement pumps are classified into.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal pumps, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport liquids/fluids by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy to the hydro dynamics energy of the liquid flow.

PRINCIPLE
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy of a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid motion, and some into potential energy, represented by fluid pressure (Hydraulic head) or by lifting the fluid, against gravity, to a higher altitude.

Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.

WORKING

The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor or turbine. In the typical simple case, the fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.

The transfer of energy from the mechanical rotation of the impeller to the motion and pressure of the fluid is usually described in terms of centrifugal force, especially in older sources written before the modern concept of centrifugal force as a fictitious force in a rotating reference frame was well articulated.

The outlet pressure is a reflection of the pressure that applies the centripetal force that curves the path of the water to move circularly inside the pump.

ROOTS TYPE PUMP

This is a multi lobed centrifugal pump which works on a very simple principle. The fluid at lower pressure comes into the pump from the top opening. Due to synchronization of the 2 lobes, the fluid trapped in the space within the lobes. When the fluid is released from the bottom end, it is pressurized and has a high discharge.

The outer casing of the pump is made of iron. It is heavy. Priming is required to operate this pump. Priming is the process of evacuating trapped air from within the pump, as, if that is not done, damage may occur and the efficiency of the pump may drop.

USE AND USABILITY

Such pumps are used on a domestic basis. This includes the use at home, in garages, in fields, etc. High speed washing, water drawing, etc are its common uses.

The prices of such pumps start as low as Rs 2500 but soar upto well over Rs 50000/- depending on the specs.
There is a lot of scope of development in this field and this is an attempt to make these pumps as less expensive as possible and check the feasibility of marketing the product as well.

Our prototype is about to pass the design stage wherein we will be using substitute materials instead of real metals.

This is done to lighten the project and make it portable but yet to check its workability at the same time.
Proposed material for the Impellor is wood and that for the casing is 5mm mild steel plates. Driver will be a high speed high torque electric motor. Manufacturing is yet to commence.

THANK YOU