TENSES

Donna Rachmawati 01.208.5637

tenses

is verb form that shows the time of the action or state

Simple present tense Present continuous tense Simple past tense Past continuous tense Simple perfect tense Perfect continuous tense Simple future tense

Simple present tense

Used to show the habitual actions Ex: We celebrate our independence day once in a year. general truth Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

The tense used the infinitive verb. Sometimes s/es added behind the verb in case that :
The third singular subject : he, she, it Name that used as plural subject : The sun, jenny.

The Formula :
Positive :
S + V1 (s/es ) + C

Ex : She studies English twice a week. Negative : S + dont/doesnt + V1 + C Ex: She doesnt study English twice a week. Interrogative :
Do/Does + S + V1 + C + ?

Ex: Does she study English twice a week?

There are some adv. of time that commonly used in this tense : Every morning/day/week/month/year Once, twice, three times, four times, Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

Present continuous tense

Used to show an action in progress by now : An activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It began in the recent past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future.
Ex: They are still playing at the moment.

Something generally in progress this week, this month, this year. Ex: I am learning French this year.

The Formula :
Positive :
S + to be + Ving + C

Ex: she is reading a novel now Negative : S + to be + not + Ving + C Ex: she is not reading a novel now Interrogative : Ex: is she rading a novel now?

To be + S + Ving + C + ?

 To be based on subject.

He, she, it is I am we, they, you are

There are some adv of time that commonly used in this tense :

Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today
If theres verb like: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), that use

Present Continuous. Ex: : * Look! The man is climbing. * Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

Simple past tense

Used to show : An activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action an the when clause happen first.

The Formula :
Positive :

S + V2 + C
S + did + not + V1 + C

Ex: My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.

Negative

Ex: My mother did not buy a new carpet last Sunday. Interrogative : Did + S + V1 + C + ? Ex: Did my mother buy a new carpet last Sunday?

There are some adv of time that commonly used in this tense : Last . ago This afternoon Just now This morning Yesterday

Past continuous tense

Used to show : Activity began before certain time in the past, was in progress at that time, and probably continued.
Ex: I was studying at my friends house.

Both action occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred. Ex: When I was studying, someone knocked the door.

The Formula :
Positive :
S + was/were + Ving + C

Ex: My parents were chatting in the living room.

Negative

S + was/were + not + Ving + C

Ex: My parents were not chatting in the living room.

Interrogative

Was/were + S + Ving + C + ?

Ex: were my parents chatting in the living room?

There are some adv. of time that commonly used in this tense : When While That As

Simple perfect tense

There are 3 types of this tenses : Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect

Present perfect tense Formula : Positive :

S + Have/has + V3 + C

Ex: William Shakespeare has written many short stories. S + Have/has + not + V3 + C Negative : Ex: William Shakespeare has not written many short stories. Interrogative: Have/has + S + V3 + C + ?

Ex: Has William Shakespeare written many short stories?

There are some adv. of time that commonly used in this tense : Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

Past perfect Formula : Positive :

S + Had + V3 + C

Ex: The teachers went home after they had finished teaching. Negative : S + Had + not + V3 + C

Ex: The teachers went home after they had not finished teaching. Interrogative:
Had + S + V3 + C +?

Ex: Had the teacher went home after they finished teaching?

There are some adv. of time that commonly used in this tense : when, after, before

Future perfect Formula : S + Will + have + V3 + C Positive : Ex: I will have arrived at the office by 8. Negative : S + Will + not + have + V3 + C Ex: I will not have arrived at the office by 8. Interrogative: Will + S + have + V3 + C + ?

Ex: Will I have arrived at the office by 8?

Perfect continuous tense

Used to show one event in progress immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. There are three types of this tenses : Present perfect progressive tense Past perfect progressive tense Future perfect progressive tense

Present perfect progressive tense Formula : Positive : S + Have + been + Ving + C Ex: I have been watching tv for three ours Negative : S + Have + not + been + Ving + C Ex: I have not been watching tv for three ours Interrogative: Have + S + been + Ving + C + ? Ex: Have I been watching tv for three ours?

Past perfect progressive tense Formula : Positive :

S + Had + been + Ving + C

Ex: I had been watching tv for three hours before my mother came. Negative : S + Had + not + been + Ving + C Ex: I had not been watching tv for three hours before my mother came. Interrogative: Had + S + been + Ving + C + ? Ex: Had I been watching tv for three hours before my mother came?

Future perfect progressive tense

Formula : Positive :
S + Will + Have + been + Ving +C

Ex: I will have been watching tv for three hours by the time my mother came. Negative : S + Will + not + have + been + Ving + C Ex: I will not have been watching tv for three hours by the time my mother came. Interrogative: Will + S + have + been + Ving + C + ? Ex: Will I have been watching tv for three hours by the time my mother came.

Simple future tense

Used to express future time activity.

Future with will/ shall Future with to be going to. The differentiate between will/shall and to be going to : 1. To express a PREDICTION - either WILL or BE GOING TO is used 2. To express a PRIOR PLAN only BE GOING TO is used 3. To express WILLINGNESS only WILL is used.

The Formula :
Positive :
S + will/shall + V1 + C

Ex: Bobby will come here tomorrow.

Negative

S + will/shall + not + V1 + C

Ex: Bobby will not come here tomorrow.

Interrogative

Will/shall + S + V1 + C + ?

Ex: Will Bobby come here tomorrow?

The Formula :
Positive :
S + to be + going + to + V1 + C

Ex: Im going to clean my home next week Negative : S + to be + not + going + to + V1+ C Ex: Im not going to clean my home next week Interrogative : To be + S + going + to + V1 + C + ? Ex: am I going to clean my home next week?

There are some adv. of time that commonly used in this tense : Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow