YERSINIOSIS

(Yersinia enterocolitica)

What is a food borne disease ?

Food borne disease is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food and beverages. Infection, Intoxication, Intoxification

Yersiniosis ; Infectious disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitica

Classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species : Bacteria : Proteobacteria : Gamma proteobacteria : Enterobacteriales : Enterobacteriaceae : Yersinia : Yersinia enterocolitica

Characteristics of pathogen
Gram negative. Rod shaped. Facultative anaerobic. Non spore forming. Psycrotroph. pH 4 to 10. Grows in refrigerated foods and poliferates there. eg: pork, beef, oysters, raw shrimp, boiled eggs,
boiled fish, pasteurized whole milk, tofu, vegetables, cottage cheese, vaccume packed meat

Virulence Factors.
1. The Virulence Plasmid ( pYV) - pYV specifies functions which interfere with innate immune responses. - Codes for virulence proteins.
2. Invasin

- Outer membrane protein. - Receptors : epithelial cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, Peyers patch M cells. - Reorganization of the host cell cytoskeleton and internalization of bacteria.

3. Ail - Outer membrane protein. - Mediates bacterial attachment to some epithelial cell lines and invasion of others. - Helps bacterium to persist extracellularly by protecting them from being killed. 4. Heat-Stable Enterotoxins - Perturbation of fluid and electrolyte transport in intestinal absorptive cells. - Causes diarrhea.

5. Myf - Contributes to the colonizing ability. - Mediates binding of bacteria to intestinal mucous 6. LPS - Contribute to the resistance of bacterium to bactericidal peptides in host tissues and macrophages. - Increase bacterial hydrophilicity.

Symptoms of Yersiniosis
Diarrhea (gastroenteritis) especially in young children Fever Abdominal pain Enterocolitics Pseudoappendicitis syndrome -due to terminal ileitis, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis Pharyngitis

Treatments
Aminoglycosides Doxycycline Fluoroquinolones Tetracyclines
ANTIBIOTICS

Y. enterocolitica is resistant to penicillin & its derivatives.

Prevention
Avoid eating raw or undercooked pork.
Consume only pasteurized milk or milk products.

Wash hands with soap and water before eating & preparing foods, after contact with animals & after handling raw meat.

Use separate cutting boards for meat & other foods.

Dispose of animal feces in a sanitary manner.

References :http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/yersinia_g.html (23.05.2013)

http://www.fda.gov/food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/CausesofIllness BadBugBook/ucmo70040.html(22.05.2013) Doyle M.P., Beuchat L.R.(2007) Food Microbiology: Fundamentals & frontiers. 3rd Ed. ASM Press, Washington,D.C. pp(293-314)

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