HOW G.P.S. WORKS ?

Sudhanshu Mishra
I.T. 3rd yr.
1036313044

Components of the GPS

GPS

Space Segment

Control Segment

User Segment

Space Segment: The global positioning system (g.p.s.) is

actually a constellation of 27 earth orbiting
satellites.
Each of these 3000 4000 pounds solar
power satellites circles the globe at about
19,300 k.m. making to complete rotations
everyday.

Control Segment:

The control segment comprises of 5 stations.

They measure the distances of the overhead satellites
every 1.5 seconds and send the corrected data to Master
control.
Here the satellite orbit, clock performance and health of
the satellite are determined and determines whether
repositioning is required.
This information is sent to the three uplink stations

User Segment: It consists of receivers that decode the

signals from the satellites.
The receiver performs following tasks:
Selecting one or more satellites
Acquiring GPS signals
Measuring and tracking
Recovering navigation data

 The United States Department Of Defense

(DOD) developed and implemented this
satellite network as a military navigation
system in 1980s but soon opened it upto
everybody else in 1990s.

HOW G.P.S WORKS: The g.p.s. technology works on the simple

mathematical principle called

TRILATERATION .

G.P.S receiver has to know two

things: The location of at least 3 satellites above
you.
The distance between you and each of
these satellites.

 The g.p.s receiver figures both of these

things out by analyzing radio signals from
the g.p.s. satellites. Better units have
multiple receivers so they can pick-up
signals from several satellites
simultaneously.

When GPS receives a signal

It compares that signal with all the known
codes.
The receiver determines which satellite it
is.
It decodes the timing information,
multiplies by the speed of light to find the
radius of the sphere.
Once it has done that for 3 satellites, it can
determine the location.

How do GPS signals send all this

information?
They use codes! Binary codes.
Each satellite has a different code.

For example, here is the code for satellite 1

00001000101001110000111001001000100001000101011000111101110010101101100111101011
00101100101001100111111011001111001001100110100011100010010001011000101101110000
00110110010001000101101000101001000000011111000110001011111011111100110111001011
01111000111111010100101000010101001110000110100111011000111101111100001111111111
01001001001001100111010101111100001000101101001111110000100110111100111000110110
10110110101000010110100101000101001000111001110001010010111010111010101000001011
01110011011001101000000000001110111011000110110101010110110001110001100110011111
01011111001110101010000011111100100101000000111010001111011010010110110000010010
01001100001101100001111011101110001101110110100111001000110101010000110110100101
11001011111111101100011100000011011100011000000100000000100000110101000101011110
11000111011010001100101011111001111010000000110111100110011101011110000011110110
01000100101011100000000100001010101001111101100111011011111100101111000100110101

This is the code for satellite 6

10011110111010001001101111111110111100101101111011001101111101010100011111011000
11000100110011010000100000101111111000010000110101101011101011010011000001101000
01100010101011001000100100000110000011110000111010000011100100111011000000010110
01111000100101010111110101001111001011111011001010001011100001001110000111110111
01011101011011001111001001101011100100011011011111011001101011100001110101110001
10001111000001000111011011100010000011010011001001110000100010111000100100011011
11100011101010100110000000011001111001110101000010010001110010101010011100101101
11110011111110011010011101100111011001010010100110010101110111001110001101111001
10000010100011110011011110110011110100110111010011100110101010110100000101110001
11000111010110001111000100101001110101011000011000100011001010111001100001111100
00011111000100100011010001010001010010010001100001100100000110001100010100001101
10010110100110011000101101110011110010001010010100011110011101100001111101100101

Source of errors:

Atmospheric refraction
Charged particles
Water vapor
Satellite clock errors
Quality of g.p.s receiver.

 The standard g.p.s. receiver will not only

place you on a map at any particular
location but will also trace your path
across a map as you move.

 You can use maps stored in the receivers

memory and find your way using the
receiver's latitude and longitude readouts.
Some receivers let you download detailed
maps and into memory or supply detailed
maps with plug-in map cartridges.

Thank you