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  • Basic Subordinating Conjunctions

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    Epat Pesar
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    The document introduces basic subordinating conjunctions that join dependent and independent clauses. It defines a dependent clause as one that cannot stand alone and needs a main clause, provides examples, and explains that subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of the dependent clause to show the relationship between clauses. It lists some important subordinating conjunctions for contrast and cause/effect, including although, whereas, because, since, and provides example sentences using these conjunctions.

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    The document introduces basic subordinating conjunctions that join dependent and independent clauses. It defines a dependent clause as one that cannot stand alone and needs a main clause, provides examples, and explains that subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of the dependent clause to show the relationship between clauses. It lists some important subordinating conjunctions for contrast and cause/effect, including although, whereas, because, since, and provides example sentences using these conjunctions.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    147 views6 pages

    Basic Subordinating Conjunctions

    Uploaded by

    Epat Pesar
    The document introduces basic subordinating conjunctions that join dependent and independent clauses. It defines a dependent clause as one that cannot stand alone and needs a main clause, provides examples, and explains that subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of the dependent clause to show the relationship between clauses. It lists some important subordinating conjunctions for contrast and cause/effect, including although, whereas, because, since, and provides example sentences using these conjunctions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Basic Subordinating Conjunctions

    Introduction
    A subordinating conjunction is a word which joins together a dependent clause and an independent clause. This page will explain the most common subordinating conjunctions and how to use them.

    1. What is a dependent clause?


    A clause is a unit which contains a subject and a verb. For example, It was raining is a clause; the subject is it, and the verb is was raining. A dependent clause is a clause which cannot exist on its own; it needs a main (or independent) clause to go with it. For example: Because it was raining, I took my umbrella. This sentence contains two clauses, Because it was raining and I took my umbrella. The first clause does not mean anything on its own. If you say Because it was raining, and nothing else, people will not be able to understand what you mean. However, I took my umbrella is an independent clause we can understand what it means even if it is alone.

    2. Joining clauses together with subordinating conjunctions


    Examine the example sentence one more time: Because it was raining, I took my umbrella. The important word here is because. This is a subordinating conjunction. It is used to show the relationship between the two clauses. A subordinating conjunction usually comes at the beginning of the dependent clause, but the dependent clause itself can be before the main clause (usually followed by a comma) or after it (usually without a comma): Although it was hot, he was wearing a coat. He was wearing a coat although it was hot.

    3. Important subordinating conjunctions


    Some of the most important subordinating conjunctions fall into two groups: contrast, and cause and effect. ConjunctionFunctionExamplealthough (even) though whereas whileexpress contrast between ideasAlthough she's small, she's very strong. John is short, whereas Mary is tall.because as sinceshow a cause/effect relationship between ideasI lost my job because I was often late. Since I have no money, I can't go to the movie.

    Exercises
    1. I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.
    1. 2. ? though ? because. ? although ? as. ? as ? while. ? as ? even though. ? whereas. ? Since ? Since. ? Whereas ? Because ? Although. ? Because. ? even though

    2.
    3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

    I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.


    1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2.

    Jerry passed the exam first time ________ I had to retake it three times. Paula got the job ________ she had no experience. ________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations. ________ Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada. ________ it was raining, I didn't get wet. Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.

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