Education in The Philippines

EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
HISTORY
Pre-Spanish Period
During the Pre-Spanish period, education was still decentralized.
Children were provided more vocational training but lesser academics Headed by their parents.
Spanish period
When the Spanish first arrived in Manila, they were surprised to find a population with a literacy rate higher than the literacy rate of Madrid. During the early Spanish period, most education was carried out by the religious orders. The church and the school both worked together. All Christian villages had schools and students to attend The Augustinians opened a school in Cebu in 1565. The Franciscans, in 1577, immediately took to the task of teaching improving literacy, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques. The Jesuits followed in 1581, also by the Dominicans in 1587, which they started a school in their first mission at Bataan.
First Republic
The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for a short period but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior. The Burgos Institute (the country's first law school) The Academia Militar (the country's first military academy) The Literary University of the Philippines were established. However, the PhilippineAmerican War hindered its progress.
American period
An improved public school system was established during the first decade of American rule upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission.
Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission per instructions of President William McKinley
A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of Act No. 74. Shortage of teachers
Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines more than 1,000 teachers from the United States called theThomasites from 1901 to 1902.
Third Republic
In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to the Department of Education. During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
Fourth Republic
In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture by the virtue of Proclamation 1081 which was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos. The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines, to:
Foster love of country; Teach the duties of citizenship; and Develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.
2000s
In June 4, 2011, DepEd started to implement the new K-12 educational system, which includes the new curricula for all schools. In this system, education is now compulsory. The implementation of the K-12 program
Four "phases" during the implementation of the new system.

1. Phase I: Laying the Foundations
Its goal is to finally implement the universal kindergarten (offered since on S.Y. 20112012), and the "development of the (entire) program".
2. Phase II: Modeling and Migration

Its goal is to promote the enactment of the basic education law, to finally start of the phased implementation of the new curriculum for Grades 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, and for the modeling of the senior high school.
3. Phase III: Complete Migration

Its goal is to finally implement the Grades 11 and 12 or the senior high school, and to signal the end of migration to the new educational system.
4. Phase IV: Completion of the Reform

Its goal is to complete the implementation of the K12 education system.
LEVELS
Elementary School primary school or grade school
Secondary Education
Consists of four levels largely based on the American schooling system as it was until the advent of the comprehensive high schools in the US in the middle of last century.
Tertiary Education
Most tertiary institutions, generically called higher education institutions by the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines (CHED) are licensed, controlled, and supervised by CHED. Commission on Higher Education Records from CHED showed that the country had 1,573 private institutions and 607 state-run colleges and universities, a total of 2,080 HEIs as of August 2010.
Technical and Vocational Education

Technical and vocational education is offered to enhance students' practical skills at institutions usually accredited and approved by TESDA. Institutions may be government operated, often by provincial government, or private. Programs can be technology courses like automotive technology, computer technology, and electronic technology; service courses such as caregiver, nursing aide, hotel and restaurant management; and trades courses such as electrician, plumber, welder, automotive mechanic, diesel mechanic, heavy vehicle operator & practical nursing. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
K-12
WHAT IS THE K TO 12 PROGRAM?

Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS])
SALIENT FEATURES
Strengthening Early Childood Education

Education for children in the early years lays the foundation for lifelong learning and for the total development of a child. The early years of a human being, from 0 to 6 years, are the most critical period when the brain grows to at least 60-70 percent of adult size. In Kindergarten, students learn the alphabet, numbers, shapes, and colors through games, songs, and dances, in their Mother Tongue.
Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners

Students acquire in-depth knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through continuity and consistency across all levels and subjects. Discussions on issues such as Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Climate Change Adaptation, and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) are included in the enhanced curriculum.
Building Proficiency through Language

Students are able to learn best through their first language, their Mother Tongue (MT). Twelve (12) MT languages have been introduced for SY 20122013: Bahasa Sug, Bikol, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hiligaynon, Iloko, Kapampangan, Maguindanaoan, Meranao, Pangasinense, Tagalog, and Waray. Other local languages will be added in succeeding school years.
Ensuring Integrated and Seamless Learning

Subjects are taught from the simplest concepts to more complicated concepts through grade levels in spiral progression. As early as elementary, students gain knowledge in areas such as Biology, Geometry, Earth Science, Chemistry, and Algebra. This ensures a mastery of knowledge and skills after each level.
Gearing up for the Future

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks.
CORE CURRICULUM
There are seven Learning Areas under the Core Curriculum. These are Languages, Literature, Communication, Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. Current content from some General Education subjects are embedded in the SHS curriculum.
TRACKS
Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes three strands: Business, Accountancy, Management (BAM); Humanities, Education, Social Sciences (HESS); and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM)
TVET (TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION & TRAINING) NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

After finishing Grade 10, a student can obtain Certificates of Competency (COC) or a National Certificate Level I (NC I). After finishing a Technical-Vocational-Livelihood track in Grade 12, a student may obtain a National Certificate Level II (NC II), provided he/she passes the competency-based assessment of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
NURTURING THE HOLISTICALLY DEVELOPED FILIPINO (COLLEGE AND LIVELIHOOD READINESS, 21ST CENTURY SKILLS)
After going through Kindergarten, the enhanced Elementary and Junior High curriculum, and a specialized Senior High program, every K to 12 graduate will be ready to go into different paths may it be further education, employment, or entrepreneurship. Every graduate will be equipped with:
Information, media and technology skills, Learning and innovation skills, Effective communication skills, and Life and career skills.
THANK YOU

Education in The Philippines

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EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES