Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tele-traffic Theory
Traffic engineering provides the basis for the analysis and design of telecommunication networks. It is not only the switching elements but also many other common shared subsystems in a telecommunication network that contribute to the blocking of a subscriber call. In a telephone network, these include digit receivers, inter-stage switching links, call processors and trunks between exchanges. The load or the traffic pattern on the network varies during the day with heavy traffic at certain times and low traffic at other times. The task of designing cost effective networks that provide the required quality of service under varied traffic conditions demands a formal scientific basis. Such a basis is provided by traffic engineering or teletraffic theory. Traffic engineering analysis enables one to determine the ability of a telecommunication network to carry a given traffic at a particular loss probability. It provides a means to determine the quantum of common equipments required to provide a particular level of service for a given traffic pattern and volume.
EXAMPLE
An exchange serves 2000 subscribers. If the average BHCA is 10,000 and the CCR is 60%, calculate the busy hour calling rate. Solution Average busy hour calls = BHCA X CCR = 10,000 X 0.6 = 6000 calls
Busy hour calling rate
Average busy hour calls Total number of subscribers 6000 3 2000
EXAMPLE
In a group of 10 servers, each is occupied for 30 minutes in an observation interval of two hours. Calculate the traffic carried by the group. Solution Occupied duration Traffic carried per server Total duration
30 0.25 E 120
EXAMPLE
A group of 20 servers carry a traffic of 10 erlangs. If the average duration of a call is three minutes, calculate the number of calls put through by a single server and the group as a whole in a onehour period.
Solution Traffic per server = 10/20 = 0.5 E i.e. a server is busy for 30 minutes in one hour. Number of calls put through by one server = 30/3 = 10 calls Total number of calls put through by the group = 10 X 20 = 200 calls
EXAMPLE
A subscriber makes three phone calls of three minutes, four minutes and two minutes duration in a one-hour period. Calculate the subscriber traffic in erlangs, CCS and CM. Solution
Subscriber traffic in erlangs Traffic in CCS Traffic in CS Busy period 3 4 2 0.15E Total period 60 (3 4 2) 60 540 5.4 CCS 100 100 3 4 2 9 CM
EXAMPLE
Over a 20-minute observation interval, 40 subscribers initiate calls. Total duration of the calls is 4800 seconds. Calculate the load offered to the network by the subscribers and the average subscriber traffic. Solution
Mean arrival rate C = 40/20 = 2 calls/minute 4800 Mean holding time t h 2minutes/call 40 60 Therefore, Offered load = 2 X 2 = 4 E Average subscriber traffic = 4/40 = 0.1 E
In the first case, the calls are lost and in the second case the calls are delayed. Correspondingly, two types of systems, called
loss systems and delay systems are encountered.
A A0 GOS A