Prof.

Hani Obeid
Faculty of Engineering Applied Sciences University Lec. # 1

Prof. Hani Obeid - Applied Sciences University

Introduction and History

The arts of music, drama, and public discourse have both influenced and been influenced by the acoustics and architecture of their presentation environments. It is theorized that African music and dance evolved a highly complex rhythmic character rather than the melodic line of early European music due, in part, to its being performed outdoors.

Prof. Hani Obeid - Applied Sciences University

MODERN ACOUSTICS
The nineteenth century produced the beginnings of the Study of acoustics as a science and its dissemination in the Published literature via technical books and journal. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) published his book Sensations of Tone in 1860, thus established acoustics As science. In 1877 John W. Strutt, Lord Rayleigh published the first of His two volume set, Theory of Sound. In 1874 Siemens patented the moving coil transducer, which led to todays loudspeaker. * Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

Prof. Hani Obeid - Applied Sciences University

 In 1877 thomas Edison invented the phonograph, and in 1891 invented a motion picture. In early twentieth century, the theorical beginnings of architectural acoustics were started by W.C. Sabine.

He started his work to solve difficulties in the then new Fogg Art Museum auditorium. This led to a well-known Formula called Sabine Formula for the calculation of Reverberation Time.

Prof. Hani Obeid - Applied Sciences University

Architectural Acoustics
may be defined as the technology of designing Spaces, structures, and mechanical equipment to meet hearing needs. Prof. Hani Obeid - Applied Sciences
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Frequency

[Hz]

Wave length is the distance the sound travel in one cycle.

[m]

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Mathematical definition of dB
If
=

By definition: =
Where: N = antilog b = base X = logarithm The followings are valid: 10 1 = 0, 10 10 = 1, a.b= + ,
=

10 100 = 2

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 = b

Logarithm to base 10 is called common logarithm

Logarithm to base is called natural logarithm.

By definition the dB always describes a ratio of Two quantities that are most often related to power
=
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Sound intensity
The intensity I, of a sound wave is defined as the mean Value of the acoustic energy which crosses a unit area Perpendicular to the direction of propagation in unit time.

c is characteristic impedance of sound, unit is Rayl and is equal to 410 Rayl for air.

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Sound intensity in free field

Free field (outdoor environment) is a uniform, free From boundaries, and undisturbed by other sources Of sound. [] = [. ] =

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What does 0 dB mean? This level occurs when the Measured intensity is equal to the reference level. = = = So doesnt mean no sound, it means a sound Level where the sound pressure is equal to reference Level. This is a small pressure but not zero.

-20 dB (negative level) means a sound with pressure 10 times smaller than the reference pressure.

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