GROUP MEMBERS : Manpreet Singh Mudhar

Ravi Kant Prasson

Swarn Singh

Introduction
Indias largest power company. Was setup in the central sector in 1975. Installed capacity of 39,174 MW . Received ISO 9001/ISO 14001 certification. Today NTPC contributes more than 3/5th of the total power generation in India.

Growth Rate

About Badarpur thermal power station(BTPS)

BTPS meets more than 24% of Delhi electricity consumption. Installed Capacity Derated Capacity Unit sizes

720 MW 705 MW 3x95 MW, 2x210 MW

Being managed by NTPC since 1978. BTPS adjudged as the 3rd best employer in India .

Thermal Power Plant

Coal Heated

Steam Produced

Turbine

Electricity

Generator

Why Coal??
As compared to other fuels : Most Efficient and Cheapest source of energy. Plentiful supply. Stable source of energy. Import not Required. Handling is not difficult. It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. The coal can be transported to the site of the plant by rail or road.

Main Equipments In Thermal Plant

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

Coal handling plant Pulverising plant Draft fans Boiler Ash handling plants Turbine

7. Condenser 8. Cooling towers 9. Economiser 10. Superheater and re heater 11. Air preheater 12. Alternator

Thermal Plant Cycle

Coal Handling Plant

Overview of coal handling plant :Coal Stock Yard

RC Burner

RC Feeder

Mill

Furnace

 The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to the boiler furnace. A grate at the bottom of the furnace holds the bed.

Coal is weighed and led to hopper through conveyor mechanism.

From the hopper it is fed to the grate through some form of stoker mechanism

Pulverising Plant
A pulveriser is a device for grinding coal i.e. ground to dust like size .
For better combustion in a furnace. Rate of combustion can be controlled. Percentage of excess air required is low. Boiler can be started from cold conditions very rapidly.

Draft Fan
Circulation of air due pressure difference is known as draft.
Provides with sufficient air for combustion. Removes exhaust gases.

Boiler
A boiler or steam generator is a closed vessel in which water under pressure, is converted into steam. It is one of the major components of a thermal power plant. Designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in the process of combustion. It is of two types : Fire tube boiler : In this products of combustion pass through the tubes which are surrounded by water. Water tube boiler : In this boiler, water flows inside the tubes & hot gases flow outside the tubes.

Super heater

Used to create steam with more heat, Than the saturated steam at same pressure. Additional heat provides more energy to turbine, hence electrical power is more. Super heated steam causes lesser erosion of turbine blades. Super heater removes the last traces of moisture from saturated steam & this raises the temperature of steam.

Re heater
Superheat the partially expanded steam from the turbine. To ensure that the steam remains dry till last stage of turbine.

Steam Turbine
The steam generated in the boiler is sent through a steam turbine. The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows across them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate electricity. Steam turbine are of two types : Impulse turbine : In this steam is expanded in turbine nozzle & attains high velocity which impinges on the blades of the rotor. Reaction turbine: In this only partial expansion takes place in the nozzle & further

expansion takes place as the steam flows over the rotor blades.

Ash Handling Plant

The percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% to 40% .

Thus amount of ash produced by it is pretty large.

This ash is waste product and is dumped to dump sites.

Increases the plant life. Prevents ash from escaping into atmosphere. Saves water a precious commodity.

ASH

SEPRATION OF ASH

COVEYOR BELT

FLY ASH

BOTTOM ASH

DUMP SITE

Cooling Tower
A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam . Which is stored in a cooling tower.

Condenser

Condenses the steam from turbine. To be used as feed water. It increases the efficiency of plant.

TURBINE

CONDENSER

WATER

COOLING WATER

Economiser
Extracts heat from flue gases. Uses this heat to heat feed water. Results in saving coal consumption & higher boiler efficiency.

Air Pre-heater
After flue gases leave economiser, some further heat can be extracted from them used to heat incoming air for combustion. The primary objective is to increase the thermal efficiency of the process.

Generator
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. AC generator is used.

Based on principle of electromagnetic induction.

95MW generator generates voltage at 11KV while 210 MW generator generates voltage at 15

KV.

Transformer
Static device which transfer electrical energy. Principle : Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Consist of primary and secondary circuit linked by common magnetic circuit. Majorly used for step up and step down voltage.

Distribution
Generated voltage is at 11 KV. Stepped up to 220KV and send to substations. 7 % of generated power is stepped down to 6 KV then used for auxiliaries.