WATERLESS DYEING TECHNIQUE

DYECOO

The textile industry is believed to be one of the biggest consumers of water. In conventional textile dyeing, large amounts of water are used both in terms of intake of fresh water and disposal of wastewater. On average, an estimated 100-150 litres of water is needed to process 1 kg of textile material, and with some 28 billion kg's of textiles being dyed annually, it requires no great minds to figure out how much water can be saved annually which otherwise will be consumed by the industry. Hence, the elimination of process water and chemicals would be a real breakthrough for the textile dyeing industry. We are discussing in detail the new waterless dyeing equipment and process developed by a Netherland-based pioneer DyeCoo.

INTRODUCTION
The concept of 'Waterless dyeing was invented 25 years ago in Germany, but to develop a commercially viable machine was a daunting task. This was overcome by DyeCoo textile systems, which literally meant dyeing with CO 2.

The 'Waterless' dyeing machines from the company, uses supercritical carbon instead of water.

When carbon dioxide is heated above 31C and pressurised above 74 bar, it becomes supercritical, a state of matter that can be seen as an expanded liquid, or a heavily compressed gas. In short, above the critical point, carbon dioxide has properties of both, a liquid and a gas. In this way supercritical CO 2, has liquidlike densities and gas-like low viscosities and diffusion properties, which not only leads to shorter dyeing times compared to waterbased dyeing, but is also advantageous for dissolving disperse dyes.

LIMITATION
As of now, only polyester dyeing is possible with supercritical fluid CO 2 with the help of modified disperse dyes. It causes the polymer fibre to swell, allowing the disperse dye to diffuse and penetrate the pore and capillary structure of the fibres. This deep penetration also provides effective colouration of polymers.

PROCESS

The dyeing takes place in the main body vessel of the machine.
During the dyeing process, the CO 2 is circulated through a heat exchanger, a vessel where the dye is dissolved and through a vessel where the dye is delivered to the textile on a beam. When the desired colouration is attained, dye is still left in the CO2, which is removed by passing the CO2 through a pressure reducing valve into a separator vessel. In the separator, the CO 2 is gasified, so that the dye precipitates and the clean CO 2 can be recycled by pumping it back to the dyeing vessel.

The advantages of using CO2 are manifold.The CO, can be recycled easily, up to 90% after precipitation of the extracted matter in a separator. Currently, the process is limited to dyeing of scoured polyester fabric only, in batches of 100 to 150 kg, although DyeCoo and its partners are also developing reactive dyes for cellulosic fabrics to be available for use in this process.

The technology behind the process was unveiled to the world only last year. Nike had earlier in 2012 adopted the waterless dyeing technique from the company Nikes Vice President "Waterless Eric Spunk dyeing is a significant step says in our journey to serve both the athlete and the planet, and this "We believe partnership reinforces this technology has the Nike's long-term strategy potential to revolutionize and deep commitment to textile manufacturing. innovation and sustainability"

CONCLUSION
There is no water consumption, no use of chemicals, no drying and it is twice as fast.This also makes it attractive in terms of energy. It is consequently not surprising that people from around the world have shown interest in this new machine.

THANK

YOU

BY: AVINASH ABHISHEK