Round ended and bull nosed bricks (Fig. 2.

13 (a, f)) are used to construct open

drains. For door and window jambs, cant brick, also called splay brick, shown in Fig. 2.13 (b, c), are most suitable. The double cant brick shown in Fig. 2.13 (c) is used for octagonal pillars. Cornice brick shown in Fig. 2.13 (d) is used from architectural point of view. Figure 2.13 (e) shows a compass bricktapering in both directions along its length used to construct furnaces. Perforated brick (Fig. 2.13 (g)) is well burned brick, but is not sound proof.

Figure 2.13 (h) shows hollow bricks. These are about l/3rd the weight of normal
bricks and are sound and heat proof, but are not suitable where concentrated loads are expected. Top most bricks course of parapets is made with coping bricks shown in Fig. 2.13 (i). These drain off the water from the parapets. Brick shown in Fig. 2.13 (j) is used at plinth level and for door and window jambs. Split bricks are shown in Fig. 2.13 (k, 1). When the brick is cut along the length, it is called queen closer and when cut at one end by half header and half stretcher, it is known as king closer.

Fig. 21.

Fig. 22.

Fig. 24

Fig. 23.

They have to be arranged so as to be built in as headers and stretchers, and also for angles. Thus Figs. 21 to 24 are all plinth bricks: a is a stretcher, b a header, c an external angle, d an internal angle.

Pavings are made generally of dark blue Staffordshire ware, very hard, the surfaces rendered less slippery by being indented with flutes, or with a diamond pattern.

Gutter Bricks, called also Channel and Sough bricks, are made
of various sections, such as that in Fig. which shows a gutter brick with stop end. Drain Bricks are of the form shown in Fig. 35. A number of these placed side by side form a suitable floor for a cattleshed, or for any building where much liquid falls on the floor, and has to be carried off at once.

Coping Bricks are made of several different sections to suit walls of different thicknesses. When they are to project they should always be throated as in Fig. They are either prepared to receive palisades, as in Fig, or left plain with a curved or an angular top as in Fig. Copings for Platforms and Wing Walls are for railway or other platforms, and for retaining and wing walls. They are made either plain, or (for platforms) with indented or fluted surfaces.

Types of brick bonds: Bonding is a process of arranging bricks and mortars to tie them together in a mass of brickwork. It should have a minimum of vertical joints in any part of the work Characteristics of brick bond or rules for bonding: The brick masonry should have bricks of uniform shape and size Masonry For satisfactory bondage the lap should be one-fourth of the brick along the length of the wall and half brick across thickness of the wall. The brick bats use should be discouraged
The vertical joints in the alternate courses should coincides with the centre line of the stretcher. The alternate courses the centre line of header should coincide with the centre line of stretcher, in course below or above it.. The stretcher should be used only in the facing while hearting's should be done in the headers only

Classifications of bonds: The bonds can be classified as follows:(i) Stretcher bond(ii) Header bond(iii) English bond(iv) Double Flemish bond(v)

Single Flemish bond(vi)

Garden wall bond(vii) Facing bond(viii) Dutch bond(ix) Raking bond(x) Zigzag bond

Stretcher bond: In this type of bond all the bricks are laid with their lengths in the direction of the wall. This pattern is used only for wall having thickness of 9cm only as shown in

Double English Cross bond

English Garden Wall bond

Single Flemish Bond This type of bond is comprised of doubleFlemish bond facing and English bond backing in each course. Thistype of construction partially possesses the strength of Englishbond, and appearance of Flemish bond. As this type of bondrequires minimum thickness of 1 bricks so it cannot be used for walls having thickness less than 1 bricks. The fig shows the single Flemish bond

Double Flemish bond: In this type, alternate heads and stretchersare laid in each course. The facing and backing are of the same appearance brickbats and queen closers are used. The doubleFlemish bond is as shown in fig 11.18

Monk bond

Flemish Garden Wall bond

Flemish Diagonal bond

Garden wall bond: This type of bond is employed for theconstruction of garden walls, compound walls, boundary walls etc.This wall bond can be both English as well as Flemish as shown inthe fig 11.20 & 11.21

Facing bond: In this type of bond bricks of different thickness areused in the facing and backing of the wall. In this case, a headercourse is placed after several stretcher courses. In this type of bond,the distance between the successive heading courses is equal tocommon multiple of thickness of backing and facing bricks. Dutch bond: This is the modified form of English bond. Thecorners of the wall provided with dutch bond are quite strong. Thealternate courses in this type of bond are headers and stretchers. Instretcher course bat is used as quoin. A header is placed next tothe bat in every alternate stretcher course as shown in the fig11.22

Raking bond: In this type of bond alternate courses are placed indifferent directions to get maximum strength in the wall. Theracking courses are laid to certain interval along the height of thewall in very thick wall having number of headers more than the no of stretchers between the facing and backing. Thus the rakingcourse rectifies the defect of low longitudinal, stiffness in thick wall. This is of two types a. Herring bone bond (placed at 45 0 inboth direction) b. Diagonal bond as shown in fig 11.23

Zigzag bond: This type of bond very much similar to herring bonebond. The only difference is that bricks are laid in zigzag way andused for paving the brick floor as shown in fig 11.24

English cross bond: This type of bond is aesthetically more sound and posses greater strength than English bond. In this bond every alternate stretcher course has a header placed next to the quoin stretcher and rest of the details are similar to English bond asshown in fig 11.25

Brick on edge bond or soldier course: In this type of bond, thebricks are laid on edge. The bricks are placed as headers andstretchers in alternate courses in such a manner that headers areplaced on bed and the stretchers are placed an edge forming acontinuous cavity

Single Basket Weave bond

Double Basket Weave bond

90 degree Herringbone bond

45 degree Herringbone bond