EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

WHAT IS EGR

In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (Nox) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders.

WHAT IS NOX
Nitrogen N2 and oxygen O2 molecules are separated into Individual atoms of nitrogen and oxygen during the combustion process. These then bond to form NOx (NO, NO2). When combustion flame front temperatures exceed 2,500 F (1,370C), NOx formation increases dramatically. The amounts of NOX formed at temperatures below 2,500F (1,370C) can be controlled in the exhaust by a catalyst.

NOX GENERATION IN ENGINE

Generation of Nox emission is function of combustion chamber. In SI ENGINE, maximum emission is near stoichiometric (slightly lean conditions) condition when temperature is at peak point. In CI ENGINE, Nox emission will steadily increase with equivalence ratio.

NEED OF EGR
Most effective way to reduce Nox emission Holds combustion chambers temperature down. Dilutes air fuel mixture with non reacting gas. Exhaust gas, easily available and inert. 10% recirculation reduce Nox emission by 50%.

BASIC WORKINGIC working OF EGR

The EGR system routes small quantities, of exhaust gas to the intake manifold.
The recirculated exhaust gas is inert and does not enter into the combustion process. The result is a lower peak combustion temperature. As the combustion temperature is lowered, the production of oxides of nitrogen is also reduced.

WORKING

AT DIFFERENT LOADS

FLOW DIAGRAM

VALVE OPERATION

EXHAUST GAS MANAGEMENT

Amount of exhaust gas entering combustion chamber is managed by Engine Management System. By 1973, an EGR valve controlled by manifold vacuum opened or closed to admit exhaust to the intake tract only under certain conditions. Later, temperature sensors were developed which sense need of exhaust gas by detecting chambers temperature. Now ECU (Engine controlled Unit) manages amount of exhaust gas.

EGR USAGE
EGR System Operation EGR is usually not required during the following conditions. Idle speed When the engine is cold At wide-open throttle (WOT)