Introduction to Organization Behavior and Concepts

Presented by Gajaba PereraGunawardena

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Learning Outcomes

Define organizational behavior Understand the critical importance of Organization Behavior in Managing Organizations Understanding Organization Behavior Concepts Illustrate how management of behavior in organization contribute org. success
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WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organizational context, and the organization itself

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PEOPLE FOCUS
Each individual brings to an organization a unique set of personal characteristics, experiences from other organizations, and personal background. Organizational behavior must therefore consider the people who work in organizations from the unique perspective that each individual brings to the work setting

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INTERDISCIPLINARY FOCUS
Psychology
Sociology Anthropology

Political Science

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Economics

Engineering
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Medicine
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OB CONCEPTS

Individual Concepts Social Concepts Organizational Concepts Change & Development Concepts

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OB CONCEPTS
Individual
CONCEPTS

Social
CONCEPTS

Organizational
CONCEPTS

Other
CONCEPTS

Perception Personality Learning Creativity Needs Motivation Attitudes Stress

Groups Inter- group Behavior Leadership Power Politics

Job Design Performance Appraisal Reward System Problem Solving Decision-making Communication Org. Structure Org. Design

Change Development

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IMPORTANCE OF OB

The value of organizational behavior is that it isolates important aspects of the manager's job and offers specific perspectives on the manager's human context: People As Organizations, People As Resources, And People As People.

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THE HUMAN CONTEXT OF OB

People as Organizations People as Resources
The human context Of OB

People as People

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Why Do We Study Organizational Behavior?

It has been argued that the key to competitive advantage is development of the company's human resources. This requires recruiting, selecting, training, motivating, and retaining the best people the organization can find.

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In recent years, many challenges have faced managers in effectively utilizing human resources and managing behavior of individuals within organizations. In general, business has become more competitive. This increased competitiveness has required increases in creativity, productivity, service, and quality.

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Practical Importance of OB

The keyword in Organizational Behavior is Behavior. While we are interested in things like employee satisfaction, commitment, and attitudes, our focus will be on explaining, understanding, predicting, and changing the behavior of individuals and consequently organizations.

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IMPORTANCE OF OB

Organizational behavior can greatly clarify the factors that affect the functions and roles of managers. The field can also be useful in describing the complex human context in which the manager works, and in defining the problems associated therewith.

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Productivity

Productivity

A performance measure including effectiveness and efficiency Achievement of goals The ratio of effective work output to the input required to produce the work
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Effectiveness

Efficiency

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Ability job fit

Jobs Make Differing Demands On People And People Differ In In The Abilities They Possess. Employee Performance Therefore Is Enhanced When There Is A High Ability Job Fit

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What do we want?

We will define behavioral problems in terms of the Behavioral Gap; the difference between desired/expected behavior and observed/actual behavior. More specifically, we will always attempt to define desired behavior in terms of the organization's competitive advantage. In other words, we want people to perform in ways that help us realize a strong competitive advantage

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To Change and Shape work Behavior

To achieve success, organizations require three fundamental types of behavior from individuals within them. They are:

Membership Adequate Role Behavior (ARB) Extra Role Behavior (ERB)

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Membership

Organizations must find ways to recruit and retain employees with the skills, knowledge, and growth potential to realize their competitive strategies.
High levels of employee commitment is indication of successful strategies dealing with the employee membership decision.

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Adequate Role Behavior (ARB)

Adequate Role Behavior consists of performing the tasks and minimum requirements specified in an individual's job description. ARB is successfully managed when individuals exhibit dependable behavior evidenced by meeting the quantitative and qualitative standards of performance for their jobs.

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Extra Role Behavior (ERB)

Extra Role Behavior consists of performing tasks and functions beyond the minimal requirements of the job. ERB is exhibited when individuals go well beyond the minimum quantitative and qualitative standards for their jobs. ERB has also been referred to as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).

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Summary and Implications

OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within an organization. OB focuses on improving productivity, reducing absenteeism and turnover, and increasing employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. OB focuses on sustaining three fundamental types of behaviors leading to Organization success.

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