Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Refers to the conditions that exist within the body of an organism
INTERSTITIAL FLUIDS
Fluids that fill the spaces between the cells and constantly bathes the cells
Physical factors
Temperature Blood pressure Osmotic pressure
Chemical factors
Salt content Sugar content pH
HOMEOSTASIS
A mechanism which regulates the physical and chemical factors in the internal environment so that cells can function efficiently
Through homeostasis, the physical factors and chemical factors of the internal environment are kept in a steady state with minimal flunctuations
When the value of a PF or CF increases, the homeostatic mechanism will be triggered to reduce that value to the normal level.
When the value of PF or CF decreases, the homeostatic mechanism will be triggered to raise it back to normal
The PF and the CF of the internal environment are constantly changing because of the fluctuations and changes in the external environment and also in the bodys metabolism
IMPORTANCE
To control the internal environment to oppose the effects of changes in the external environment on them Enable organisms to live in a wider range of habitats Metabolic activities & physiological processes can still continue even though the external environment fluctuates substantially
Organisms can control the metabolic rate according to their needs because any fluctuations can be corrected through the homeostatic control system A regulated and controlled internal environment ensures a more efficient and optimal metabolism in the cell A stable IE allows enzymes to function at an optimal rate
Various systems in the body function & interact with one another to maintain a stable internal environment
PF / CF BODY TEMPERATURE
Systems involved Integumentary system Nervous system Circulatory system Muscular system Endocrine system
Types of regulations Regulate heat loss &heat gain to maintain a stable body temperature at 37
- Respiratory system - Circulatory system - Nervous system - Endocrine - Circulatory - digestive Nervous Endocrine Excretory circulatory
Regulates the concentrations of oxygen and CO2 Regulate blood glucose lvl at a set point of 90mg per 100 ml of blood Regulate the amount of water and dissolved substances (mineral 7.4 Regulate conc of ions H, OH, HCO
pH