DISASTER MANAGEMENT

In 1990 WHO had given a call to all nation to meet disasters. Why? 1977 Orisa and Andra Pradesh cyclones 1984 Mic leak in Bhopal 1996 Earthquake in Gujarat 1999 Orisa and Andra Pradesh cyclone. 2001 Earthquake Gujarat 2004 T Sunami

 All these situations caused large disruption to ecology. The term disaster means calamity or sudden or great misfortune.

Definition
A disaster has been defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological distruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary response from outside the affected community

WHO

 Disaster is the occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupt the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society or community

Classification of Disaster
1. Natural Disorders
a. Natural phenomena Beneath Earths surface - Earthquake - Volcanic Eruptions b. Natural Phenomena at Earth surface - Land slides - A Valances

c. Meteorological / hydrological phenomina - Windstorms (cyclone, Typhoon, Haricano) - Tornadoes - Hailstorms and snows trams - Sea surges - Flood - Droughts

d. Biological phenomena - Locust swarms - Epidemics of diseases - Disasters

2. Man made Disasters

a. Caused by War/Terrorist - Conventional War

- Nuclear, Biological, physical and chemical

b. Caused by accidents - Plane, train, ship & car

- Drowning
- Collapse of building - Explosions - Fire - Biological - Chemicals including poisonning

Health problems common to all Disasters

i. Climatic exposures

ii. Food and nutrition iii. Mental health iv. Communicable diseases

Health care management

All major disaster can be managed with the assistance from the - State level - Central level - Notational level - International level

1. Identify the agencies which involved in health care management are

Local health personnel

Community
Local authorities of group Charities

2. Planning for Disaster relief

Simple plan, understand by every one Put into action immediately Plan should be flexible Clear and concise Adaptable for all the time Extension of normal Hospital and public health working

 Rehearsed before implanting

Follow according to the flex priority Advance warning

Co ordination with interdepartmental

Preparedness

3. Disaster manual
Introduction Distribution of responsibilities Disaster containment Chronological action plan Checklist of personnel and items Rehearsal and circulation

Stages of Management
Warning stage Stage of impact Stage of rescue operations Stage of Health and medical relief Rehabilitation

Chronological Action plan

Initial alert Active hospital Disaster plan Formulation of commends - Role of Hospital superintendent - Role of Senior Nursing Officer - Role of the PRO

 Clinical principles of management of causalities - admission of patient - clinical services - triage 0 Critically illness 0 moderately illness 0 manner illness

Administrative Responsibilities
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Documentation Police documentation Communications Friends & relatives Crowd control Investment of voluntary workers

7. Patients property 8. Priers & broad casting service 9. Ambulance service 10. Emergency light 11. Disposal of Deaths

Major public health threat after Disaster

1. Malaria 2. Dig.. Diseases 3. Cholera 4. Respiratory Infections 5. Infective hepatitis 6. Typhoid 7. Measles 8. Snakebite 9. Burns 10. Cuts etc.,

Prevention is better than cure

Vaccination - Cholera - Typhoid - Measles

 Health education - Food safely - Basic sanitation - Safe water - Personal hygiene - Vector control

 Health Resources Surveillance