High Availability

Module 13 Data ONTAP 8.0 7-Mode Administration

Module Objectives
By the end of this module, you should be able to: Describe the high availability solutions Discuss how high availability increases reliability of storage Define the high-availability controller configuration Describe the three modes of high-availability operation with a high-availability pair Analyze the effect on client protocols during failover and giveback operations

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

High Availability Spectrum

High availability is the process of providing solutions that increase storage resiliency
Loss of Site Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

NetApp provides solutions to overcome all these business continuity problems

Loss of Cable
Loss of a cable between the storage system and a shelf can be overcome by shelf multipathing
Loss of Site
Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

Shelf Multipathing
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

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Multipathing provides: 1. Increased availability 2. Increased throughput

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2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Adding a second cable provides availability even if a single cable goes bad

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Loss of Shelf
Loss of a shelf can be overcome by implementing SyncMirror
A RAID 0 implementation where the RAID groups are mirrored
Loss of Building Loss of Region

Loss of Site

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

SyncMirror
SyncMirror may be configured:
In a stand alone storage system or, most commonly, in a high-availability pair (discussed next)

SyncMirror divides up disks into 2 pools

Pool0 becomes plex0 aggr1 plex1
/vol

Pool1 becomes plex1

plex0
/vol

Data within the aggregate

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

/vol0
/etc

/vol0

Mirrored data within the aggregate

/etc

SyncMirror (Cont.)
To determine which disks are in which pool:
Software disk ownership administrators may assign disks to pools using disk assign
system> disk assign {disk_list...}[-p pool]... disk_list is the Disk IDs of the unassigned disk pool is either 0 or 1 system> disk assign 0a.21 -p 1
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.
REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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NOTE: Disks in different pools must be on different loops/shelves

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2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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SyncMirror (Cont.)
To implement SyncMirror:
Add the syncmirror_local license
License is available at no cost

Verify disks are in the correct pools Reboot the system

To create a new mirrored aggregate:

system> aggr create aggrname -m disk#

To add a mirror to an existing aggregate:

system> aggr mirror aggrname
Double the number of expected disks

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

SyncMirror (Cont.)
If a shelf goes bad, such as shelf that has pool0, the data is still available from pool1
Nondisruptive shelf replacement (NDSR) is now available in Data ONTAP 7.3.2 and later
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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If multiple disks fail in an aggregate, then the data is still available by way of the alternate pool

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SyncMirror (Cont.)
Administrators may perform additional maintenance of the mirror, such as:
Splitting the mirror aggregate Rejoining a split aggregate Removing a plex from a mirror aggregate Comparing plexes of a mirrored aggregate

NOTE: For more information about SyncMirror, please see the High Availability Web-based courses

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Controller
Loss of a controller may be come by configuring a high-availability pair
Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

Loss of Site

High-Availability Controller Configuration

PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS. PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.
REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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Connected to its own disk shelves Connected to the other controllers disk shelves Storage controllers are connected to each other If a storage controller fails, the surviving partner serves the data of failed controller
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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High-Availability Features
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS. PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.
REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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High-availability controller configuration provides:

Fault tolerance Nondisruptive software upgrades Nondisruptive hardware maintenance
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Requirements for High-Availability

Architecture compatibility Storage capacity Disk and disk shelf compatibility Cluster interconnect adapters and cables installed Nodes attached to the same networks Same software licensed and enabled

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Partner Communication
In an high-availability (HA) controller configuration, partners communicate through the interconnect with a heartbeat
System state is written to disk in a Mailbox Data not committed to disk is written to the local and partner nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM)

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

High-Availability Controllers and NVRAM

Each node reserves half of the total NVRAM for the partners data During takeover, the surviving partner performs the down systems reads and writes using the mirror NVLOG
NVRAM During Normal Mode
Storage System 1 Storage System 1 NVLOG Storage System 2 Storage System 2 NVLOG

Storage System 2 NVLOG (mirror)

Storage System 1 NVLOG (mirror)

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Configuring High-Availability
License the high-availability service called cf:
system> license add xxxxxx

Reboot:
system> reboot

Enable the service on one of the two systems:

system> cf enable

Check the status:

system> cf status

To check the partner:

system> cf partner
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Setting Matching Node Options

1. Analyze the values of the options for each nodes 2. Verify that the options settings are the same 3. Correct any mismatched options The following table lists parameters that must be the same for both nodes:
Parameter
Date NDMP Published route table

Setting for
date, rdate NDMP (on or off) route

Route
Time zone
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

routed (on or off)

timezone

Normal Operation
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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Each storage controller handles its own storage requests

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Takeover Operation
system> cf takeover
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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Surviving partner has two identities, with each identity able to access appropriate volumes and networks only You can access the failed node using console commands
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Takeover Events
Takeover occurs on the following events:
A node undergoes a software or system failure that leads to a panic A node undergoes a system failure (for example, a loss of power) and cannot reboot There is a mismatch between the disks that one node believes it owns and the disks that the other node believe it owns One or more network interfaces configured to support failover becomes unavailable A node cannot send heartbeat messages to its partner and no other mechanism is available A node is halted: halt A takeover is manually initiated

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

partner
To access the failed storage controller:
system(takeover)> partner system2/system>
Failed controller / Takeover controller >

Execute commands as needed:

NOTE: some commands are unavailable in partner mode

To toggle back to the prompt of the first system:

system2/system> partner

system(takeover)>
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Giveback Operation
system> cf giveback
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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cf giveback command terminates the emulated node The failed node resumes normal operation The high-availability configuration resumes normal operation
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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System Manager: HA Configuration

Storage System must be removed from System Manager and then re-added after HA is configured

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Currently, we cannot enable high availability from System Manager so we will have to do from the CLI License controller failover (cf):
system> license add xxxxxx system2> license add xxxxxx

Reboot:
system> reboot system2> reboot

Enable controller failover:

system> cf enable

Check status:
system> cf status

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Add one of the storage systems to System Manager and the partner is automatically identified

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System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

The HA pair

HA Configuration Problems

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System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Verify licenses match with the partner

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System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Configure an IP address to takeover the partners IP and enable the interface

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Do the same task for the other partner; Remember to enable the interface

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Fixed the HA configuration problems

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

To perform a takeover To configure HA

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

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System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

To perform a giveback

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System Manager: HA Configuration (Cont.)

Giveback complete

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Failover Effects on Client Connections

For clients or applications using NFS v3, NFS v4, HTTP, FCP, and iSCSI protocols, I/O requests are suspended during the takeover/giveback period Connections can usually be resumed when the takeover or giveback process is complete For CIFS (SMB 1.0), sessions are lost Stateful clients and applications mayand usually doattempt to re-establish the session

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Best Practices
Test failover and giveback operations before placing high-availability controllers into production Monitor:
Performance of network Performance of disks and storage shelves CPU utilization of each controller to ensure it does not exceed 50%

Enable AutoSupport
NOTE: For more information about high availability, please see the High Availability Web-based course
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building
Loss of a entire building can be overcome by implementing stretch MetroCluster
Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

Loss of Site

Stretch MetroCluster
Building 1
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS. PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.
REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

Building 2
REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL REPLACE THIS ITEM WITHIN 2 MINUTES OF REMOVAL

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Stretch MetroCluster expands high-availability to up to 300m See the High Availability Web-based course for more information
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Loss of Site
Loss of a site can be overcome by implementing fabric-attached MetroCluster
Loss of Site Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

Fabric-Attached MetroCluster
Site1
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Site 2
8 9
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Fabric-attached MetroCluster expands high-availability up to 100 km See the High Availability Web-based course for more information
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Loss of Region
Loss of a region can be overcome by implementing SnapMirror
Loss of Region

Loss of Controller Loss of Shelf Loss of Cable

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Loss of Building

Loss of Site

SnapMirror
Region 1
PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS. PROPERLY SHUT DOWN SYSTEM BEFORE OPENING CHASSIS.
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Region 2
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SnapMirror allows mirroring volumes or qtrees See the NetApp Protection Software Administration ILT course for more information
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

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Possibilities Abound
These high availability techniques do not have to be used in isolation...often they are combined
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High-availability
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1Gb 2Gb 4Gb

SHELF ID

A B

SHELF ID

A B

ESH4
4Gb 2Gb 1Gb ELP 4Gb 2Gb 1Gb ELP

ESH4

X2

X2

X2

X2

1Gb 2Gb 4Gb

1Gb 2Gb 4Gb

SHELF ID

SHELF ID

A B

ESH4
4Gb 2Gb 1Gb ELP 4Gb 2Gb 1Gb ELP

ESH4

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

X2

4Gb 2Gb

4Gb 2Gb

1Gb ELP

1Gb ELP

ESH4

ESH4
4Gb 2Gb 1Gb ELP

4Gb 2Gb

1Gb ELP

ESH4 ESH4

Module Summary
In this module, you should have learned to: Describe the high availability solutions Discuss how high availability increases reliability of storage Define the high-availability controller configuration Describe the three modes of high-availability operation with a high-availability pair Analyze the effect on client protocols during failover and giveback operations

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Exercise
Module 13: High Availability Estimated Time: 30 minutes

Check Your Understanding

What are three modes of operation for a highavailability controller configuration?
Normal, Takeover, Giveback

What is the purpose of using a high-availability controller configuration?

Fault tolerance Nondisruptive software upgrades Nondisruptive hardware maintenance

What happens during a takeover?

Surviving partner has two identities; each identity can only
access appropriate volumes and networks

2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.

Check Your Understanding (Cont.)

True or false Options must be set the same on both nodes.
True

The license must be set the same on both nodes.

True

Both nodes must have the same number of disks.

True

Both nodes must be part of the same domain.

False
2009 NetApp. All rights reserved.