Professional Documents
Culture Documents
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
DEFINITIONS Implementation involves all of the activities designed to carry out the policies enacted by the legislative branch. These activities include the creation of new organisations departments, agencies bureaus, or the assignments of new responsibilities to the existing organisations. Thomas R. Dye It forms a bridge that allows the objectives of the public policy to be achieved as outcomes of governmental activity
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
DEFINITIONS
POLICY IMPLEMENTAION ENCOMPASSES THOSE ACTIONS BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS THAT ARE DIRECTED AT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES SET FORTH IN PRIOR POLICY DECISIONS
Van Meter and Van Horn IMPLEMENTATION AS SEQUENCE OF EVENTS TRIGGERED OFF BY A POLICY DECISION, INVOLVING THE TRANSLATION OF POLICY INTO OPERATIONAL TASKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY A VARIETY OF FACTORS AND AGENCIES, AND SUBSTANTIAL COORDINATING ACTIVITY TO ENSURE THAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE AND THAT THINGS HAPPEN AS INTENDED Barrett and Fudge
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION
CLARITY OF GOALS ADEQUATE RESOURCES CAPACITY OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE MECHANISM OF COORDINATION POLITICAL AND JUDICIAL SUPPORT
PERSPECTIVES ON IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTAION AS EVOLUTION
IMPLEMENTAION AS WORK MECHANISM IMPLEMENTATION AS POLITICS
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION The policy contains unambiguous directives and structures of the implementation process Leaders of implementation agencies possess substantial managerial and political skill and professional knowledge The policy is actively supported by organised constituency groups, legislature and judiciary The relative priority of statutory objectives is not significantly undermined over time by the emergence of conflicting public polices or by change in relevant socio economic conditions that undermine the statutess technical theory or political support
IT IS A BEHAVIOURAL MODEL VIEWING IMPLEMENTAION AS ACTION BY ACTORS WHICH IS CONSTRAINED BY THE WORLD OUTSIDE THEIR ORGANISATIONS
MORE EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON ISSUES OF POWER AND DEPENDENCE, INTERESTS, MOTIVATIONS AND BEHAVIOURS
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ROLE OF LEGISLATURE
PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS
ADJOURNMENT MOTIONS FINANCIAL CONTROL (BUDGET) SHORT DURATION DISCUSSIONS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL
FREEDOM OF PUBLIC SERVANTS TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES FRANKLY BY TENDERING ADVICE TO THEIR SUPERIORS INCLUDING MINISTERS OBSERVANCE BY PUBLIC SERVANTS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF NEUTRALITY, IMPARTIALITY AND ANONYMITY
REPRESENTING THE GOVERNMENT POLICY WITHIN ADMINSTRATION EXERCISING STATUTORY POWERS GURANTEED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION PROVIDING LEADERSHIP AND EXERCISE CONTROL OVER PERMANENT EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTAION
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ROLE OF JUDICIARY
CLARIFYING THE PROVISIONS OF POLICY OR BILL IN CASE THOSE ARE VAGUE AND SUCEPTIBLE TO DIFFERENT INTERPRETAIONS PASSING JUDEGEMENTS ON THE ACTIONS TAKEN DURING IMPLEMENTAION INCROACHING RIGHTS OF THE CITIZEN OR AGAINST THE SPIRIT OF CONSTITUTION JUDICIARY HAS POWER TO STRIKE SUBORDINATE OR ADMINSTRATIVE LEGISLATION ADMINISTARTIVE TRIBUNAL CREATED TO ABJUDICATE DISPUTES REGARDING EXECUTION OF ACT OR POLICY
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ROLE OF NGOs
TO SUPPLEMENT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES TO SERVE AS EYES AND EARS OF THE VILLAGERS TO ACTIVATE AND IMPROVERESPONSIVENESS OF THE DELIVERY SYSTEM TO MEET THE FELT NEED OF THE POOR TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ABOUT SAILENT FEATURES OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY TO MOBILISE AND ORGANISE THE POOR TO DEMAND QUALITY SERVICE AND IMPOSE A SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRASSROOT GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONARIES
THE OUTSIDERS BELIEVE A PRESIDENTS ORDER IS CONSISTENTLY FOLLOWED. NONSENSE, I HAVE TO SPEND CONSIDEARBLE TIME SEEING THAT IT IS CARRIED OUT AND IN THE SPIRIT THE PRESIDENT INTENDED. Dr. Henery Kissinger, Ex Secretary of State
SUPPORTING SERVICES LACK OF STAFF FINANCIAL AND INFRASTRUCTUTRAL SUPPORT LACK OF SUPPORT FROM TOP SHORTAGE OF TIME GIGANTIC TARGETS
Shortage of Time
Lack of Farsightedness
Gigantic Targets
Delay in Policy Implementation Political Pressures Citizens are Not Cooperative Vested Interests Lack of Will Lack of Initiative
Pressures on Implementors