FOOD DIVERSITY

Nutrition Department FK USU

Food and Nutrition

Human Resource

Food Habits FOOD DIVERSITY

Concepts of Food Diversity

Free from starvation. Chinese Cereals, nuts, meats, vegetables, fruits and taste good. Meats, milk, cereals, vegetables and fruits. Eat carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Middle age 18th & 19th Century

20th Century

Balance meals are meats, milk, vegetables, vegetabeles and fruits.

cereals,

root

History of

Food Science and Nutrition

eat variety of foods

Problems of Food Diversity

Number of populations.

Food policy ~ focus on rice production.

Food consumption ~ socio-economic and culture.

 Food consumption ~ fishery and animal husbandry. Food security. Low in food technology.

Aspects of Food Diversity

CONSUMPTION

economic

AVAIBILITY
enviroment

PRODUCTION

Target Groups of Food Diversity

Insufficient in energy consumption. Food imbalance.

Objects of Food Diversity

Sufficiency on total energy.

Desirable dietary pattern.

Desirable Dietary Pattern

No Foods Actual % RDA 56,3 3,1 4,1 7,8 1,8 2,4 4,2 3,2 1,2 84,2 Standart % RDA 50,0 6,0 12,0 10,0 3,0 5,0 5,0 6,0 3,0

1 Cereals & grains 2 Tubers 3 Animal products 4 Fats and oils 5 Oily seeds 6 Legumes & nuts 7 Sugar & sweets 8 Vegetables & fruits 9 Spices Total Notes : * : kcal/capita/day ** : % RDA x Points

Energy* 1239 69 89 171 41 53 92 71 26 1852

Score** 25,0 1,6 8,1 3,9 0,9 4,9 2,1 16,1 0,0 62,6

Energy* 1100 132 264 220 66 110 110 132 66 2200

Score** 25,0 3,0 24,0 5,0 1,5 10,0 2,5 30,0 0,0 100,0

Points 0,5 0,5 2,0 0,5 0,5 2,0 0,5 5,0 0,0

Food Diversity

Policy

4 sehat 5 sempurna

Indonesian Dietary Guidelines (PUGS)

Strategics of Food Diversity

Food production. Food technology. Food distribution. Food consumption. Food education. Research and development.

Food Diversity Programs

Farm utilization. Food processing. Nutrition education. Workshop.

Aims of Food Diversity

General :
Decrease of food dependent. Increase of food quality.
Spesific :
Increase food quality and nutrition. Increase farm utilization. Sharing information. Give an advice to stakeholders.

Goal of Food Diversity

TRADITIONAL FOODS Gerakan Aku Cinta Makanan Indonesia (ACMI)

Aspects of ACMI

Popularity ~ food safety and nutrition. Community responsible. Stakeholders policy.

TRADITIONAL FOODS :

Food avaibility and stability. Food affortability ~ price. Food nutrition. Food safety. Food acceptability. Food processing. Food palatability.

Indonesian Traditional Food

Tofu, tempeh
Soybean product
Have complete proteins with the sufficient amounts of all the amino acids Have no cholesterol and very little of the saturated fat A good sources of food fiber

Gado-gado

Tofu
Soybean curd Made from curdled soybean milk and pressed into soft cake Good sources of protein and calcium Very perishable

Tempeh
Soybeans, mixed with rice, millet or other grain then fermented into a rich soybean cake A good protein and amino acid, minerals, vitamins, antibiotic, antioxidant and lecithin sources Prevent osteoporosis and cancer

Gado-gado
Cooked vegetable salad with a peanut sauces, often seasoned with chiles Vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber sources

Thank You

The Arabic Diet Pyramid

Fats, oils, sweets (Eat sparingly daily)

Milks products (2-3 servings daily)

Poultry, meats, nuts, beans

(2-3 servings daily)

Vegetables (3-5 servings daily)

Fruits (2-4 servings daily)

Breads, pasta, rice, couscous, polenta, bulgur, other grains & potatoes (6-11 servings daily)

The USDA Food Guide Pyramid

Fats, oils & sweets (Use sparingly)

Milk, yogurt & cheese group (2-3 servings)

Meats, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs & nuts groups (2-3 servings)

Vegetable group (3-5 servings)

Fruit group (2-4 servings)

Breads, cereal, rice & pasta group (6-11 servings)

The Traditional Healthy Latin America Diet Pyramid

Meat, sweets & eggs

Weekly

Fish & shellfish

Plant oils daily

Daily

Poultry
At every meal Vegetables

Whole grains, tubers, beans & nuts

Fruits
Daily Physical Activity

The Traditional Healthy Vegetarian Diet Pyramid

Eggs & sweets

Weekly

Egg whites, soy milk & dairy

Daily
Plant oils

Nuts & seeds

Whole grains Fruits & vegetables

At every meal

Legumes & beans

Daily Physical Activity

Meat

Monthly

The Traditional Healthy Mediteranean Diet Pyramid

Sweets Eggs Poultry Fish Cheese & Yogurt Olive oil

Weekly

Daily Fruits Beans, legumes & nuts Vegatables

Bread, pasta, rice, couscous, polenta, other whole grains & potatoes
Daily Physical Activity

Meat

Monthly

The Traditional Healthy Asian Diet Pyramid

Sweets Eggs & poultry Fish & shellfish or dairy Weekly Optional daily

Vegetables oil Daily Fruits Legumes, seeds & nuts Vegatables

Rice, noodles, bread, millet, corn & other whole grains Daily Physical Activity