Chief of State and Head of Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Government type: Republic Cabinet: Appointed by the

he president Elections: President and vice president are both elected for 5-year terms and are eligible for 2nd terms by direct vote of the citizenry Suffrage: 17 years old; married persons regardless of age Legislative branch: Peoples Consultative Assembly; House of Representatives (560 seats); House of Regional Representatives (132 seats)

 In the 16th century, the Portuguese and Dutch traders arrived in Indonesia United East India Company was established and became a political and economic power in Indonesia The Ethical Policy: repaying the debt of honour to Indonesians by Queen Wilhemina 1908: Establishment of Budi Outomo 1920s: Communist uprisings which led to a repressive regime by the Dutch authorities

 1928: Youth Pledge: congress of youth organizations 1942-1945: Start of Japanese occupation August 17, 1945: Soekarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesias independence 1949: Dutch relinquished their colony; the Republic of the United States of Indonesia was established 1950: Parliamentary government Political instability brought by Indonesias pluralistic society 1955: Indonesian elections; beginning of Sukarnos second term

 1959-1965: Return to 1945 Constitution. Period of guided democracy

 Created by President Sukarno as a solution to the troubles that Indonesia experienced at that time New view of democracy that is more appropriate for Indonesia compared to the Western model Based on the indigenous village system of discussions and consensus under the guidance of the village elders and the presence of a central political figure (sultan)

 1959-1965: Return to 1945 Constitution. Period of guided democracy 1965: September 30 movement; failed coup detat March 11, 1966-1998: Suhartos New Order May 21, 1998: Resignation of Suharto led to vice president, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, to become Indonesias third president Habibie ushered the period of Indonesian reformation: democracy and decentralization 1999: Free and fair elections

Chief of state: President Xi Jinping Head of government: Premier LI Kequiang Government: Communist state Elections: president and vice president elected by National People's Congress for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)Suffrage: 17 years old; married persons regardless of age Legislative branch: Unicameral National People's Congress (2,987 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses (Note: In practice, only members of the CCP, its eight allied parties, and CCP-approved independent candidates are elected)

 Chinese civilization cradled in the Yellow and Yang Tze rivers for as early as 2500 BC. Divided into three eras, Chinese history started in the ancient times- from Xia to Zhou Dynasty, followed by a long imperial China, before it went to the modern China that we know. ca 1700-1046 BC - Shang Dynasty - the first Chinese state for which clear written records remain - unites much of north central China. Ming Dynasty (AD 1368 1644): urbanization and the industrialization in Nanjing and Beijing grew.

 20th century: disordered China- despite the talks between factions craving for power. Slavery was abolished; the Xinhai Revolution : overthrew the Qing dynasty. In the 12th of March 1912, the provisional government of Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-Sen was elected as the first president. 1919: May Fourth Movement started an opposition onto the impositions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI. Sun Yat-Sen established a revolutionary movement in south China aiming to reestablish the fragmented nation. Sun YatSens leadership was preceded by Chiang Kai-Shek.

 1925 - The death of Sun Yat-sen 1931-45-Japan invades and gradually occupies more and more of China. 1934-Mao Zedong emerges as Communist leader. 1937 - Kuomintang and Communists unite against Japanese. 1949, 1 October - Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party of China won the civil war leading to the birth of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China; the Republic of China or (RoC) that was restricted to Taiwan and few more islands.

 1958 - Mao launches the "Great Leap Forward 1966-76-"Cultural Revolution", Mao's 10-year political and ideological campaign aimed at reviving revolutionary spirit, produces massive social, economic and political upheaval. 1986-90 - China's "Open-door policy" opens the country to foreign investment and encourages development of a market economy and private sector. 1989 - Troops open fire on demonstrators who have camped for weeks in Tiananmen Square.

 2001 November - China joins the World Trade Organisation. 2002 November - VicePresident Hu Jintao is named head of the ruling Communist Party 2003 March - National People's Congress elects Hu Jintao as president. 2009 October - China stages mass celebrations to mark 60 years since the Communist Party came to power.

CHINA
Capital
Land Area Population
Population Growth Rate

INDONESIA
Jakarta
1.8 million km 251, 160, 124 1.04%

Beijing
9.6 million km 1, 354, 040, 000 0.48 %

Language
Religion

Chinese
Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism

Bahasa Indonesia
Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholic, Hinduism

 At the founding of both, each had political institutions dominated by their respective charismatic leaders, Sukarno in Indonesia and Mao in China.

 In China and Indonesia, there has been great interest in participating more actively in the evaluations carried out by external funding agencies such as the World Bank. China and Indonesia are taking steps to strengthen the capacity of independent oversight agencies outside the executive. In China and Indonesia, it was appropriate to begin the evaluation capacity development process with an institutional diagnosis. There was an expressed need to raise awareness among key decision makers.

 The two countries shared remarkable similarities in their economic and political development. Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1998
China * Was much less affected *Maintained a seemingly unchanged political landscape * Unmistakeably become less authoritarian over the past 2 decades * To an increasing extent, the government delegated responsibilities previously exclusive to central or provincial governments to other economic and social actors * political institutions have evolved into fragmented authoritarianism Indonesia * Indonesia was one of the worst casualties * It severely damaged the legitimacy of the New Order Regime * Eventually triggered President Suhartos political demise and catalysed swift transition characterised by deep political and economic decentralisation * Since the big-bang reform occurred, Indonesia displayed modest yet positive economic growth, dealt with major separatist movements and established the most democratic state in the region

 Both countries face similar development issues * Rapid urbanisation, limited social protection and widening internal social-economic disparities are but a few of the most pressing concerns that need to be addressed
* Must juggle the often conflicting organisational and political interests of various vertical agencies and spatial regions * the party-state system exhibits much liveliness and continues to attract welleducated members of younger generations into its apparatus, resembling a powerful meritocracy * The public sectors have been engaged in wide-ranging reforms, from improvements in social welfare policies and fiscal rules to the introduction of performance-based measures to govern the promotion of civil servants * Would likely go through long and complex process before the current political institutional setting grows into a fully-fledged democracy * Indonesias decentralised democracy as a political system must deliver economic prosperity in order to ensure its legitimacy * The question remains as to how to unleash the power of checks and balances of a democratic system and ensure the accountability of those in positions of authority.

 Corruption Indonesia and China are both included to a group of countries with about 5 per cent average growth of Real GDP per capita on a severe corruption index of 5 because of the strong similarities on politics of corruption.
*A mutually benecial exchange of privileges and protection for bribes and kickbacks characterizes the relationship between government and the private sector, including the foreign private sector *The high level of corruption in PRC concerns low wages of civil servants, given the opportunities provided for corruption to grow during the last 20 years of Xiaopings modernization policy, and the lack of self political will to implement anti-corruption measures against senior party officials. *Indonesia, appear to have supported primitive accumulation and/or technological learning in simple labour-intensive industries, rather than technological learning in skill-intensive industries as in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. *Because governments in these economies are weaker and less autonomous, it may be clear that countries in Southeast Asia including Indonesia have softer developing states which used their corrupt ties to business to generate the high-speed technological learning in skills intensive industries.

 In historical context, China is led to socialist planning combined with neoliberal strategies of governing from a distance. Chinas adoption of market-based reforms resulted in the emergence of socialist-neoliberal rationality, one that is both authoritarian and yet seeks to govern subjects through their own autonomy. This governmentality has rendered China its survival.
However, * China faces growing unresolved grievances caused by issues such as misappropriation of private property, rampant corruption and widening inequality * government appears to be struggling to respond to the publics increasing demands for governance quality and accountability * Keenly aware of the potentially prohibitively high costs and uncertainty of the success of a democratisation process, the Chinese government seems to advocate a measured approach towards political reform * The mixed signals suggest that the government envisions a future that shares elements of contemporary Western-style democracies but remains distinctively Chinese

References
http://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/item65 https://www.cia.gov/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia http://data.worldbank.org/country/china http://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesia http://www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2013,1054.html http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/ http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-politicaltransition-in-china-and-indonesia/ http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia

Picture Credits
library.thinkquest.org#sthash.O6k8X4wO.dpuf http://famousrelationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Co nsultative_Assembly.jpg http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htm http://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpg http://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpg Wikipedia.org http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/201001/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpg