Seismic Reflection:

Processing and Interpretation

Katie Wooddell
UW Madison

Objectives
Develop a velocity model of the Santa Fe River Canyon to aid in structure interpretation Use predictive deconvolution to remove multiple reflections from the data

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Defining Geometry

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Killing Traces
Vibroseis signal had to be eliminated Channels showing large amounts of noise were deleted

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution
What does it do? Clears seismic data by predicting and eliminating multiple reflections How does it work? A filter is designed that recognizes and eliminates repetitions in the signal

Deconvolution Equation

Robertson 1998

To Conceptualize. . .
INPUT OUTPUT

FILTER

Deconvolution Results
Location 109 Location 109

NO DECONVOLUTION

Time (ms)

DECONVOLVED

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Butterworth Filter
Bandpass Filter Passes frequencies in the range of the vibroseis sweep (30-300 Hz) Effective in eliminating the noise amplified during predictive deconvolution

Butterworth Filtering
Location 109 Location 109

Time (ms)

No Filter

Time (ms) Butterworth Filter

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

NMO Correction
NMO corrects for the delay in first arrival times NMO shifts the arrival times according to a specific stacking velocity This is an important step in the velocity analysis

Processing Steps
Define Geometry Kill Bad Traces CMP Gather
NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Predictive Deconvolution / Butterworth Filter CMP Gather

NMO Correction / Velocity Analysis

Velocity Analysis
A Constant Velocity Analysis was conducted on both deconvolved and non-deconvolved data The following NMO stacking velocities were run for each situation:
- 1000 m/s - 1400 m/s - 1800 m/s - 2200 m/s -1200 m/s -1600 m/s -2000 m/s -2400 m/s

Conclusions
Predictive deconvolution is an effective tool for eliminating multiples from seismic data A combination of the 2000 m/s and the 1600 m/s constant velocity models seems to produce a high resolution model This implies a higher average velocity medium on the east side of the fault, giving evidence that the normal La Bajada fault is being imaged

And a Special Thanks To. . .

The SAGE professors for their knowledge and patience Team 5 for their hard work and some good times Michelle Herrera, my Processing partner Lauren Larkin, who was more enthusiastic about splicing together my seismic sections than I was