ECE 331 Digital System Design

Basic Logic Functions, Truth Tables, and Standard Logic Gates

Basic Logic Functions

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Basic Logic Functions

AND

Logical multiplication (product) A . B = AB = A and B

Order of Precedence: 1. NOT 2. AND 3. OR - can be modified by parenthesis

OR

Logical addition (sum) A + B = A or B

NOT

Logical complement A = not A

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Truth Table

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Logic Gates
x1 x2
x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 xn xn (a) AND gates x1 x2 x1 + x2 xn

x1 x2

x1 + x2 + + xn

(b) OR gates
x (c) NOT gate x

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Additional Logic Functions

NAND

F = (A . B) = (AB) F = not (A and B) Compound logic function F = (A + B)

Not the same as F = A . B

NOR

Not the same as F = A + B

F = not (A or B)
Compound logic function

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Truth Tables

Exercise: Derive the Truth Table for the NAND and NOR gates.

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Logic Gates
x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 xn x1 x2 xn

(a) NAND gates

shorthand for a NOT gate

x1 x1 x2 x2 x1 + x2 xn x1 + x2 + + xn

(b) NOR gates

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Additional Logic Functions

Exclusive-OR

F = (A.B') + (A'.B)
Output = 1 iff one of the inputs is 1 (but not both). Inclusive-OR: F = A + B F = (A.B) + (A'.B') Output = 1 iff both input are 0 or both inputs are 1. Also known as the Equivalence function.
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Exclusive-NOR

Truth Tables

Exercise: Derive the Truth Table for the XOR and XNOR gates.

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Additional Logic Operations

A B XOR gate

F = A xor B

F = A xnor B

XNOR gate

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Truth Tables

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Truth Tables

Used to describe the functional behavior of a Boolean expression and/or Logic circuit. Each row in the truth table represents a unique combination of the input variables.

For n input variables, there are 2n rows.

The output of the logic function is defined for each row. Each row is assigned a numerical value, with the rows listed in ascending order. The order of the input variables defined in the logic function is important.
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3-input Truth Table

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4-input Truth Table

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Standard Logic Gates

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Standard Logic Gates

Discrete components used to build logic circuits.

74xx08
74xx32 74xx04

AND gate
OR gate NOT gate

74xx00
74xx02 74xx86

NAND gate
NOR gate XOR gate

Logic Families (TTL, LS-TTL, F, HC)

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Standard Logic Gates: Data sheets

Data sheets provide essential information:

Logic Function Truth Table

Pin-out
Electrical Characteristics Timing Characteristics

Package Description(s)

This information is necessary when building logic circuits from discrete components.

Each Logic Family has a unique set of characteristics.

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Logic Families

TTL

Low-Power TTL (L) High-Speed TTL (H)

Schottky (S)
Low-Power Schottky (LS) Advanced Schottky (AS)

Advanced Low-Power Schottky (ALS)

Fast (F)

CMOS

High-Speed CMOS (HC) Advanced CMOS (AC)

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Table E.4 (p. 916 of textbook)

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Combinational Logic Circuits

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Combinational Logic Circuits

Composed of an interconnected set of logic gates. Also known as Switching Circuits

Logic circuits can be designed from

Truth tables Boolean expressions

Logic circuits realized through

Interconnection of discrete components Synthesis from a Hardware Description Language

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Example:

Derive the Boolean expression and draw the circuit diagram for the following truth table:

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Example
F = x1.x2 + x1.x2 + x1.x2

x1 x2

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Example:

Derive the Boolean expression and draw the circuit diagram for the following truth table:

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Wiring Diagrams

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Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

(a) Dual-inline package

VDD

Gnd

(b) Structure of 7404 chip

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Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

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Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

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Example: Draw the circuit diagram and the wiring diagram for the following Boolean expression: F = x2.x3 + x1.x2

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Example
VDD

7404

7408

7432

x1 x2 x3

f
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