Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UVEES
PUMP
A pump is a machine that imparts energy to the liquid in it to flow or rise to a higher level / pressure or both.
A machine used for the purpose of transferring quantities of liquids from one place to another.
UVEES
PUMP
Types of Pumps
PUMPS
ROTODYNAMIC
UVEES
UVEES
Simplify? . .
UVEES 8
UVEES
10
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
IMPELLERS
AXIS
CASINGS
STAGES
RADIAL FLOW
CLOSED
VERTICAL HOROZONTAL
SINGLE MULTI
AXIAL FLOW
SEMI OPEN
MIXED FLOW
OPEN
Centrifugal Pumps
UVEES
12
Multistage Pumps
13
UVEES
14
Cryogenic Pumps
Cryogenic pumps are used for handling liquids at temperatures as low as 160C (-320F). Top suction pump design has become a standard in the industry for handling fluids which are near or at boiling point without vapor binding. such as Liquefied Oxygen, Nitrogen, Natural Gas, etc..
UVEES
15
16
Selection of Pump
.. is very important decision making. Important Parameters considered are . . . Head and Flow : The Duty or Operation combo Type of liquid; Clear, Contaminated, Corrosive, Viscous, Volatile, etc/ Input Power & Efficiency NPSH Required Maintenance requirement
UVEES 18
process most of the time and range of variation. The pressure sufficient to overcome total dynamic head for the flow required. NPSH available at suction side.
UVEES 19
UVEES
20
UVEES
21
Interpretation of CC
As flow increases the head developed decreases. Power consumption increases with increase in flow NPSHr increases with increase inflow There exist a best efficiency point, to be targeted for fixing duty point near it
UVEES
22
Cavitation
Low pressure at the suction side of a pump can encounter the fluid to start boiling with reduced efficiency and cavitation damage of the pump as a result. Boiling starts when the pressure in the liquid is reduced to the vapor pressure of the fluid at the actual temperature.
UVEES 23
Model Modification
Pumps are selected for its operation at best efficiency point most of the time. If the duty point is not matching with BEP, what to do? Pump affinity laws can help us in necessary modification so that DP & BEP for the modification match as far as possible.
UVEES 25
Affinity Laws
The affinity laws express the mathematical relationship between the several variables involved in pump performance. They apply to all types of centrifugal and axial flow pumps. They are as follows: 2. With speed N held constant:
So by changing the diameter of impeller or rotational speed one can bring DP and BEP nearer. Since it is not impractical to change the speed, trimming of the impeller is done. Refer the UVEES 26 Interpretation of CC Slide
Material of Construction
of Body - Impeller - Seals Mainly made of Cast Iron or Steel. Stainless Steel is used for corrosive liquids or food & pharmaceutical application. Special Material for reactive liquids: Special Metals (Alloys) e.g. Bronze, Hastelloy, Carpenter 20 etc. or Nonmetals (Polymers) like PVDF, PP etc. Lined (coated internally) for harsh liquids reducing cost of the special material, e.g. EPDM
UVEES 27
UVEES
28
Pump Standards
Some commonly used centrifugal pumps standards; ANSI/API 610-1995 - Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service Covers the minimum requirements for centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum, heavy duty chemicals, and gas industry services. The pump types covered by this standard can be broadly classified as overhung, between bearings, and vertically suspended. DIN EN ISO 5199 - Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps ASME B73.1-2001 - Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process - This standard covers centrifugal pumps of horizontal, end suction single stage, centerline discharge design. This Standard includes dimensional interchangeability requirements and certain design features to facilitate installation and maintenance. It is the intent of this Standard that pumps of the same standard dimension designation from all sources of supply shall be interchangeable with respect to mounting dimensions, size and location of suction and discharge nozzles, input shafts, baseplates, and foundation bolt holes ASME B73.2-2003 - Specifications for Vertical In-Line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process BS 5257:1975 - Specification for horizontal end-suction centrifugal pumps (16 bar) - Principal dimensions and nominal duty point. Dimensions for seal UVEES 29 cavities and base plate installations.
Q&A
UVEES
30