IMAGE PROCESSING

IMAGE PROCESSING is a method to convert an image

into digital form and perform some operations on it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image.

NEED FOR IMAGE PROCESSING

The digital image is "invisible" it must be prepared for

viewing on one or more output device (laser printer, Monitor, etc.) The digital image can be optimized for the application by enhancing or altering the appearance of structures within it (Based on: body part, diagnostic task, viewing preferences, etc.)

APPLICATIONS
Intelligent Transportation Systems
Remote Sensing Moving object tracking

Defense surveillance
Biomedical Imaging techniques Automatic Visual Inspection System

ADVANTAGES
Visualization
Image sharpening and restoration Image retrieval

Measurement of pattern
Image Recognition

Face Recognition: Challenges

Out-of-Plane Rotation: frontal, 45 degree, profile, upside

down Presence of beard, mustache, glasses etc., Facial Expressions Occlusions by long hair, hand In-Plane Rotation Image conditions:

Size Lighting condition Distortion Noise Compression

MATLAB
MATLAB

(MATrix LABoratory) is a tool for numerical computation and visualization. It is generally fast to write and run in MATLAB. It is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment.

ADVANTAGES
Easy to use
Platform independence Predefined functions

Device-independent plotting
Graphical User Interface (GUI)

APPLICATIONS
Data Exploration, Acquisition, Analyzing

&Visualization Engineering drawing and Scientific graphics Analyzing of algorithmic designing and development Mathematical functions and Computational functions Simulating problems prototyping and modeling Application development programming using GUI building environment.

Eyes are the reference

Eyes are the most salient features on a face.
makes the excellent reference frame out of them Finally, they also the best (and the only) stable

landmarks on a face which can be used a reference.

Face Localization
Global facial cues:

skin color, head shape, head motion

good for FD & FT not good for FL

Local features have to be used for FL. Features are conventionally thought of as visually

distinctive (ie with large DI(f) ).

Hence, the commonly used features are edge-based: corners of brows, eyes, lips, nostrils etc. They however are not robust not always visible

Video-based Face Recognition

Three challenges: Low quality Small images Characteristics of face/human objects. Three advantage: Allows Provide much more information. Tracking of face image. Provides continuity, this allows reuse of classification information from high-quality images in processing low-quality images from a video sequence.

Basic steps for video-based face recognition

Object segmentation/detection.
Motion structure. The goal of this step is to estimate

the 3D depths of points from the image sequence. 3D models for faces. Using a 3D model to match frontal views of the face. Non-rigid motion analysis.

Recent approaches
Most video-based face recognition system has three modules for detection, tracking and recognition.
An access control system using Radial Basis Function

(RBS) network was proposed in 1997. A generic approach based on posterior estimation using sequential Monte Carlo methods was proposed in 2000. A scheme based on streaming face recognition (SFR) was propose in August 2002.