Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Physical Layer
Twisted-pair Cable
UTP connector
ADSL
Ethernet networks
- 10BASE-T
- 100BASE-TX
- 1000BASE-T
UTP Performance
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Note: In-building networks at our university are almost all twisted pair
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Coaxial cable
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BNC connectors
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Optical fiber
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Propagation Modes
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Modes
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Fiber types
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Fiber construction
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no crosstalk
Reduced need for error detection and correction Enables longer link distances Attenuation unaffected by transmission rate Easier network upgrade Can combine different services: telephony, TV, internet
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Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication.
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Wireless
Modern wireless digital communication began in the Hawaiian Islands What is the best frequency to use for communication?
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Propagation Methods
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Bands
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Note
Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems.
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Unidirectional Antennas
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Note
Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs.
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Note
Infrared signals can be used for shortrange communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation.
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Readings
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