Name Abhay Goel Kartik Mehta Sahil Tyagi Rishabh Goel

Enrollmentno. 01821102011 01921102011 02721102011 02921102011

introduction
Simply defined as Arrangement of object in a particular manner.

For e.g. ACB is a permutation of set A,B,C.

IN PERMUTATION ORDER DOES MATTER a lot.

Questions
How many three-letter permutations can be formed from the letters of

the word DINOSAUR? p(8,3)= There are 336 ways (This is read as eight permute three.) In general, if we have n objects but only want to select r objects at a time, then we have to apply following formula

Questions
How many six-letter words can be formed from the

letters of TRAVEL? (Note that letters cannot be repeated. SOL. If any of the six letters can be used, the arrangement will be:P(6,6) =6P6 = 720

 A bookshelf contains five different algebra books and seven different physics books. How many different ways can these books be arranged if the algebra

books are to be kept together For the five algebra books: 5! The five algebra books are considered as one item, therefore, you have eight items (7 + 1) to arrange: 8! Total number of arrangements = 8! x 5! = 40,320 x 120 = 48,38,400

 How many numbers can be made from the digits 2, 3, 4,

and 5 if no digit can be repeated? 4! + 4P3 + 4P2 + 4P1 = 64

In how many ways can six boys and six girls be arranged

on a bench, if no two people of the same gender can sit together?

b g

g b

b g

g b

b g

g b

b g

g b

b g

g b

b g

g b

The total number of arrangements is: 6! x 6! x 2 = 10,36,800.

RESTRICTED PERMUTATION

RESTRICTED PERMUTATION
When we put some restrictions in

the arrangement of the objects, it is known as restricted permutation.

Some examples on restriction

How many words can be formed from the word

TUESDAY, with or without meaning, that begin with Y and all the letters taken exactly once. SOL. Since Y is fixed at the beginning, so we are left with 6 letters to be arranged. SO the arrangement would be: P(6,6) =6! =720

 In how many ways can 10 children(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J) be

arranged in a row such that:-

a). Three of them A,B,C are always together. SOL. (A,B,C),D,E,F,G,H,I,J We consider (A,B,C) as one unit. So the arrangement would be : P(8,8)*P(3,3) =8!*3! =40,320*6 =2,41,926

b). These three are never together. SOL. The arrangement would be : P(10,10)-[P(8,8)*P(3,3)] =36,28,800-2,41,926 =3386874

Questions based on Restrictions

Questions based on Restrictions

1.Naval signals are made by arranging colored flags in a vertical line. How

many signals can be made using six flags, if you have: a) 3 green, 1 red, and 2 blue flags? b) 2 red, 2 green, and 2 blue flags?

a). number of arrangements 6 !

= 60

3! 2!

b). number of arrangements

6! 2! 2! 2!

= 90

2. Find the number of arrangements of the letters of UTILITIES: a) if each begins with one I and the b) if each begins with exactly two Is. second letter is not an I. ___ 6 x ___ 3 x __ 7!
3 6 7! arrangements 3! 2!

___ 3 x___ 2 x ___ 6 x___ 6!

3 2 6 6! arrangements 3! 2!

= 7560

= 2160

3. How many arrangements are there, using all the letters of the word REACH, if the consonants must be in alphabetical order?
If the order of letters cannot be changed, then treat theseletters as if they were identical.

arrangements

5! = 20 3!

4. How many words can be formed with the letters of the word OMEGA when: (ii) E being always in the (i) O and A occupying end middle places. Here (O,A) are fixed, hence M, E, G can be arranged in 3! ways But (O,A) can be arranged themselves is 2! ways. Total number of words = 3! x 2! = 12 ways When E is fixed in the middle Hence four-letter (O,M,G,A) can be arranged in =4!

= 24 ways

(iii) Vowels occupying oddplaces Three vowels (O,E,A) can be arranged in the odd-places (1st, 3rd and 5th) = 3! ways. And two consonants (M,G) can be arranged in the even-place (2nd, 4th) = 2 ! Ways

(iv) Vowels being never together. Total number of words = 5! = 120! If all the vowels come together, then we have: (O.E.A), M,G These can be arranged in =3! ways. => Number of ways, when vowels being never-together = 120-36(arranged together)

Total number of ways = 3! x 2!

= 24 ways

= 84 ways

OBJECT NOT DISTINCT = IDENTICAL

It can be characters

It can be numeric value or arrangement of alphabet .

PREMUTATION FORMULA FOR SOME IDENTICAL OBJECT

Let The number of

permutation of a set of n object containing a,bandc kind identical objects

FORMULA
This can be extended if we

continue to have more than 3 items that are the same, just keep dividing out the like items

Questions:
Q1) How many arrangement are

possible for FINITE There are 6 letters to arrange (6!) There are 2 is (2!) The solution is 6!/2!

 What are the total number of arrangements for the

following: 3 blue balls, 2 red balls, and 1 green ball?

Key Concept
Words are often not words ,but arrangement of letters.

Each letters is an element ,but divide out the number of like letters.