Different tools for Mainstreaming DRRM/CCA into Local Planning Process

Outline of Presentation
GIS Vulnerability

and Adaptation Assessment (V and AA) Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

GIS?

software

GIS is computer-based mapping

is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographicallyreferenced data and information towards decision making
Hardwar e Software

GIS
Procedur e

Data Users

software

GIS Functions

User Interface

Database Manageme nt

GIS
Database Creation & Entry

Display & Product Generation

Data Manipulation & Analysis

GIS Functions
Database Data

Management

Manipulation and Analysis and Product Generation Creation/Entry

Display

Database User

Interface

GIS is mapping with a difference

What is a map? A map represents geographic features or other spatial phenomena by graphically conveying information about locations and attributes.

What is location?
Location

describes the position of particular geographic features on the Earth's surface, as well as the spatial relationship between features, such as the shortest path from your house to the hospital, the proximity of competing businesses (e.g. Jollibee and McDonalds),and so on.

What is attribute?
Attribute

describes characteristics of the geographic features represented, such as the feature type, its name or number and quantitative information such as its area or length. For example, roads, barangays, rivers others

Thus the basic objective of mapping is to

Provide descriptions of geographic phenomena.

Map Features
Locational

information is usually represented by points for features such as dwelling unit and telephone pole locations, lines for features such as streams, pipelines and contour lines and areas for features such as lakes, counties and census tracts.

Point feature
A

point feature represents a single location. It defines a map object too small to show as a line or area feature. A symbol or label usually depicts a point location.

Point Feature

Line feature
A

line feature is a set of connected, ordered coordinates representing the linear shape of a map object that may be too narrow to display as an area such as a road or feature with no width such as a contour line.

Line Feature

What are the possible line feature here?

Area feature
An

area feature is a closed figure whose boundary encloses a homogeneous area, such as land use, soil type or lake.

Area Feature

What are the possible area feature here?

Scale
To

show a portion of the Earth's surface on a map, the scale must be sufficiently adjusted to cover the objective. Map scale or the extent of reduction is expressed as a ratio.

Maps and Scales

What

does 1:50,000 scale mean?

It means that 1cm on the paper map corresponds to 50,000 cm on the ground 50,000 cm = 500 m = 0.5 km

Types of Information in a Digital Map

Geographic

information, which provides the position and shapes of specific geographic features. Attribute information, which provides additional non-graphic information about each feature. Display information, which describes how the features will appear on the screen.

Maps and Map Analysis

Maps

can be broadly classified into two groups: 1.Topographical maps 2.Thematic maps

Topographical Map

It is a reference map showing the outline of selected man-made and natural features of the earth. It often acts as a frame for other features

Topography refers to the shape of surface represented by contours or shading. It also shows lands, roads and other prominent features.

Topographical Map

Thematic maps
Thematic

maps are an important source of GIS information. These are tools to communicate geographical concepts such as Density of population, Climate, movement of goods and people, land use etc. It has many classifications.

Thematic Map

Geographic Data Types: Data and Information

Although the two terms, data and information, are often used indiscriminately, they both have a specific meaning. Data can be described as different observations, which are collected and stored. Information is that data, which is useful in answering queries or solving a problem. Digitizing a large number of maps provides a large amount of data after hours of painstaking works, but the data can only render useful information if it is used in analysis.

Spatial and Non-spatial data

Geographic

data are organized in a geographic database. This database can be considered as a collection of spatially referenced data that act as a model of reality. There are two important components of this geographic database: its geographic position and its attributes or properties. In other words, spatial data (where is it?) and attribute data (what is it?)

Attribute Data
The

attribute table contains the descriptions about the feature i.e. barangay described in terms of area and population. Area
35 sq. Km. 35 sq. Km. 11 sq. Km.

Barangay
Dos Tres Quattro

Population
75,341 57,086 2,952

Spatial data
Geographic

position refers to the fact that each feature has a location that must be specified in a unique way i.e. coordinate system is used.

(GEP) GIS Encoding and Processing

Earth features are coded in GIS as points, lines or polygons

What is Remote Sensing?

Collection of data about an object from a distance With an aide of an eye, sense of smell and hearing Earth scienctists, use to monitor or measure phenomena in the earth Geographers, use to received and record information thru a remote sensor Foresters, forest cover maps and measuring quantities of trees harvested Road engineers, locating possible access roads

(GEP) GIS Encoding and Processing REMOTE SENSING

SATELLITE SENSOR ATMOSPHERE

EARTH FEATURES

RECEIVING STATION
INTERPRETATION

USERS

PRODUCTS OF REMOTE SENSING:

SATELLITE

IMAGES

 Satellite

Images

 Aerial

Photo

 Aerial

Photo

What is GPS?

Global Positioning System

Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment

Background
Why

local governments/cities should conduct V&A assessment?

To

satisfy reportorial requirements/ commitments both to the national and global levels To generate critical information and knowledge to define priority adaptation actions and mitigation strategies To be able to leverage technical and financial resources
To

put forward the role of local governments and cities in the national/global discourse on CC

The V&A assessment Framework

Exposure
City Climate Change Vulnerability

Sensitivity

Adaptive Capacity

Vulnerability = f (Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive Capacity)

Planning for DRR/CCA: The Fourphased process...

Definition of Key Concepts

Vulnerability-

is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity (IPCC)

Key Concepts
Exposure - is what is at risk from climate change (e.g. population, resources, property) and the change in climate itself (e.g. sea level rise, temperature, precipitation, extreme events).
Sensitivity - is the biophysical effect of climate change which also considers the socioeconomic context of the system being assessed

Definition of Key Concepts

Adaptive

adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. The IPCC Third Assessment Report outlines that it is a function of wealth, technology, institutions, information, infrastructure, social capital.

Capacity- is the ability of a system to

Over-all Process Flow

The Bottom Line...

Identify

the relationship of the risks and hazards with recipient subject Indentify vulnerability at various levels: individual, household, village,ecosystem, sub-basin, basin, national

Informed Decision Making!

Projected changes in future climates in Mean Temperature for 2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
DJF_2020 DJF_2050
Temperature (C)

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR CARAGA ARMM

Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by

0.0
R01 R02 R03 R04

2020 2050 REGION

0.9 - 1.1 oC in 2020 & 1.7 - 2.2 oC in 2050.

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

CAR

R12

MAM_2020

MAM_2050
Temperature (C)

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR CARAGA ARMM

Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by 0.9 - 1.2 oC in 2020 & 1.9 - 2.3 oC in 2050.

0.0
R01 R02 R03 R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

2020 2050 REGION

CAR

R12

Projected changes in future climates in Mean Temperature for 2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
JJA_2020 JJA_2050
Temperature (C)

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR CARAGA ARMM

Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by 1.0 - 1.3 oC in 2020 & 2.1 - 2.6 oC in 2050.

0.0
R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

2020 2050 REGION

R12

Temperature (C)

SON_2020

SON_2050

NCR

2020 2050

REGION

CARAGA

ARMM

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR

Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by 0.9 - 1.2 oC in 2020 & 1.8 - 2.2 oC in 2050.

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R12

Projected Change in Seasonal Mean Temperature in the Philippines

DJF MAM
3.5
Temperature (C)

3.5
Temperature (C)

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR ARMM

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR CARAGA ARMM

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

CAR

CARAGA

2020 2050 REGION

2020 2050 REGION

JJA
3.5
Temperature (C) Temperature (C)

CAR

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R12

SON
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

NCR CARAGA ARMM

NCR

2020 2050 REGION

2020 2050

REGION

Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by 0.9 - 1.2 oC by 2020 & from 1.7 2.6 oC by 2050.

CARAGA

ARMM

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

CAR

R12

R12

0.0

R12

0.0

0.0

Projected Change in Annual Mean Temperature Relative o the Period 19712000 Based on SRES A1B
2020 (2006-2035)
REGION
Region 1
DJF MAM JJA SON ANN DJF

2050 (2036-2065)
MAM JJA SON ANN

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.1

CAR
Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 NCR Region 5 Region 6 Region 7 Region 8 Region 9 Region 10 Region 11
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR

0.9
0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1

0.9
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

1.0
1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

0.9
0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

0.9
0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

2.0
1.9 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.0

2.0
2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.3

2.2
2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4

1.8
1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2

Region 12 CARAGA ARMM

Temperature (C)

NCR

CARAGA

ARMM

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R12

Projected Changes in Annual MeanTemperature (C)

2020 2050

REGION

0.9 to 1.1 in 2020 and 2.0 to 2.2 in 2050

in the Philippines

Projected changes in future climates in Rainfall for 2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
DJF_2020 DJF_2050
Percent(%)

45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR CARAGA ARMM

Projections for Seasonal Mean Rainfall ranges from -0.1 to 24.5% in 2020 & -12.5 to 18.2% in 2050.

-35
R01 R02 R03 R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

2020 2050

CAR

REGION

MAM_2020

MAM_2050
Percent(%)

45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25 -35

R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR

R12

Projections for Seasonal Mean Rainfall ranges from -17.8 to 7.3% in 2020 & -34.5 to 4.4% in 2050.

NCR

2020 2050

REGION

CARAGA

ARMM

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R12

Projected changes in future climates in Rainfall for 2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
JJA_2020 JJA_2050
Percent(%)

45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR CARAGA ARMM

Projections for Seasonal Mean Rainfall ranges from -7.5 to 22.2% in 2020 & -10.8 to 44.6% in 2050.

-35
R01 R02 R03 R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

2020 2050

CAR

REGION

SON_2020

SON_2050
Percent(%)

45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR CARAGA ARMM

R12

Projections for Seasonal Mean Rainfall ranges from -11.4 to 20.6% in 2020 & -7.0 to 20% in 2050.

-35
R01 R02 R03 R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

2020 2050

CAR

REGION

R12

Projected Change in Seasonal Mean Rainfall in the Philippines

DJF
45 35 25
Percent(%)

MAM
45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25 -35
ARMM R01 R02 R03 R04 CAR Percent(%)

15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR

NCR

CARAGA

2020 2050

2020 2050

REGION

REGION

JJA
45 35 25
Percent(%)

SON
45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR Percent(%)

15 5 -5 -15 -25
NCR CARAGA ARMM

2020 2050

2020 2050

REGION

REGION

The drier seasons of March-May will become drier still, while the wetter seasons of June- August and September-November become wetter. A downward trend is likely in Mindanao as indicated in the reduction in seasonal rainfall in MAM, JJA and SON by

CARAGA

ARMM

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

CAR

CAR

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R12

R12

-35

-35

CARAGA

ARMM

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

R11

CAR

R12

R12

-35

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (PRECIS)

The mean seasonal temperatures are expected to rise by about 0.9C to 1.4C for 2020 and 1.7 C to 2.4 C by 2050. Projection of seasonal temporal rainfall variation is largest (35 % to 45%) during the seasons of MAM and JJA. Meanwhile projection of seasonal temporal rainfall variation is lesser (-0.5 % to 25%) during the seasons of DJF and SON. The highest increase in rainfall during southwest monsoon season (JJA) is likely in Region 01 (44%), CAR (29%), Region 03 (34%), Region 04 (24%) and Region 05 (24%) in 2050. The model indicated that climate change will probably lead to an active southwest monsoon in Luzon and Visayas as evident in future increases in rainfall which is more pronounced in JJA and becoming greater with time. The drier seasons of March-April-May will become drier still, while the wetter seasons of June- August and SeptemberNovember become wetter.

Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management (CBDRRM)

General Objectives :
To enhance the appreciation of participants on community based disaster risk reduction and management. At the end training workshops, the participants are expected to assess the risks and vulnerabilities of communities

To facilitate integration of CBDRM and EWS in the ecological profiles as inputs to CDP preparation and to some extent, the CLUP

Module 1:

Understanding Disaster, Risk and Development

Appreciation: When hazards such as drought, flooding, storm surges, etc. strike vulnerable communities, disasters happen. Disasters lead to huge losses that slow down or halt development.

Hazards alone do not lead to disasters. Vulnerability of communities or a country is brought about by the complex inter-relationship of the physical, political, social, and economic conditions prevailing in a country.

Objectives:
To explain the disaster situation of the province and each municipality To define what a disaster is and why they happen To analyze the relationship of disasters and development

Topics:
Provincial and municipal disaster situation Definition of concepts disaster, vulnerabilities, capacities, risk, adaptation and development

Module 2:

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM), Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) and Adaptation

This module deals with a discussion on disaster risk management activities - emergency, rehabilitation, reconstruction, prevention, mitigation, preparedness. It will focus on the concept of CDBRRM approach, principles and processes.

Objectives:
to Identify aims of disaster risk management and its different activities; to understand the concept, principles and processes of CBDRM.

Topics:

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, objectives and activities Community Based Disaster Risk Management principles and processes Changing Concepts and practices

Module 3:

Preparedness and Mitigation/Risk Reduction Measures

The module will provide inputs and sharing of experiences on flood preparedness and mitigation like, strengthening provincial, municipal and barangay level institutional arrangement, risk assessment, early warning system, public awareness, organizing and mobilization of community and other related activities.

Objective:
to identify relevant DRR and adaption information to identify flood preparedness and mitigation measures applicable to the each locality

Community Vulnerability, Capacity and Adaptation Assessment Early Warning System Public Awareness Strengthening provincial, municipal and barangay level institutional arrangement / structure Organizing and mobilizing community people on flood preparedness and mitigation activities

Topics:

Module 4:

Flood Preparedness and Mitigation Planning

This module will discuss the objective and process of flood preparedness and mitigation plan.

Objectives:
To explain the objectives and process of flood preparedness and mitigation plan To come up with an action plan

Maraming Salamat!