ANALYSIS OF TIGHRA RESERVOIR, GWALIOR, (M.P.

GOOGLE MAP IMAGE OF TIGHRA RESERVOIR

A VIEW OF TIGHRA RESERVOIR

A VIEW OF TIGHRA RESERVOIR

INTRODUCTION:
TIGHRA reservoir was constructed in the year 1929 on Sank river to fulfill the water supply of the Gwalior. So, It is the life line of Gwalior city. It is situated about 20 km west of Gwalior city. Besides supplying drinking water, the reservoir is also used to culture fishes by the fisheries department and for irrigation purpose.

PARAMETERS:
TEMPERATURE (OC) TRANSPARENCY (cm) TURBIDITY (NTU) CONDUCTIVITY (S/cm) pH DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) (mg/lit) TOTAL HARDNESS (mg/lit) CHLORIDE (mg/lit) ALKALINITY (mg/lit) NITRATES (mg/lit) PHOSPHATE (mg/lit)

OBSERVATIONS:
The Dam is 24 meter high at the crest, and 1341m long. The reservoir has a capacity of 4.8 million cubic meter and the spillway structure can pass up to 1274 cubic meter per second. A dam constructed on the site is 1916 failed on the afternoon of August 4, 1917 due to infiltration into its sandstone foundation. About 1000 people were killed downstream.

TEMPERATURE (oC)
40 35 30 25 20

15
10 5 0

pH
7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7 6.8

6.6
6.4

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/lit)

9 8 7

6 5
4 3 2 1 0

HARDNESS (mg/lit)
160
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

CHLORIDE (mg/lit)
45 40 35

30 25
20 15 10 5 0

ALKALINITY (mg/lit)
160 140 120 100 80

60
40 20 0

NITRATES (mg/lit)
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3

0.2
0.1 0

PHOSPHATE(mg/lit)
1.8 1.6 1.4

1.2 1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

TRANSPARENCY (cm)
250 200

150
100 50 0

TURBIDITY (NTU)
14 12 10 8 6 4

2
0

CONDUCTIVITY (S/cm)
450 400 350

300 250
200 150 100 50 0

Climate and Rainfall

The climate in the Gwalior region may be described as composite with hot and dry summers, hot and humid seasons and short autumns and winters. Mean maximum temperature in summers 33 C, with the highest maximum of 45-47 C, and mean minimum temperature in winter is 18.5 C with the lowest minimum temperature in the range of 1 C to 3 C. The city region falls in a rain shadow zone, and the rainfall in the area is 700 mm/annum which is half the average rainfall during the monsoon months in the state, between mid June to mid September. The predominant wind direction, is form the northwest with strong and hot winds in summer. Wind speed is approximately 8 km/hour is summer and a low velocity of 2 km/hour in the month of December. Topographic features of the site create special conditions in certain pockets of the site.

Topography and Natural Drainage

The site has well marked physiographic features which provide it with a strong sense of place and create discrete physical areas of varying shapes and sizes. The land forms offer opportunities for creating an interesting city scape in an undulating landscape punctuated by moderate sized hills, which dominate without creating a sense of awe. The Eastern boundary of the site is formed by the Gupteshwar and Hanuman hills. The Land features in the south, include hills and valleys which are ideally suited for conservation. This is reinforced by their designation as reserve forest land. Smaller mounds north of Tighra Road are distribution the edges of moderately sloping lands which are well suited for development works associated with urbanization. There are several table top plateaus, which can provide visual nodes in the urban scape.

SUN PATH OF GWALIOR

Soils and Vegetation

Soil structure is mostly alluvial and murrum. The soil cover is loose except in small pockets and is not well suited for agricultural activities in Its natural state. The sub-soil base is hard in many areas with rock striate in general. It is therefore better suited for urbanization. The site is marked by large pockets of fallow and barren land. There is cultivation in patches but the soils in general have low fertility. A review of vegetation in the area shows the following features : Valleys and southern slopes in the higher areas support some vegetation. Plantation is seen along water courses especially in the Tighra catchment area. Slopes facing north and northwest do not support any ground covered and shrubs Forestland are denuded.