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analysis of
engineering
structures
Pres en te d by : Bharat h . S. O
(08 09 220 05 )
Nit es h Kum ar
(08 09 220 12 )
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Introduction
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The main factors that contribute to fatigue
failures include:
Number of load cycles experienced
Range of stress experienced in each load cycle
Mean stress experienced in each load cycle
Presence of local stress concentrations
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A fatigue analysis can be separated into 3 areas:
materials, analysis, and results evaluation.
In a general sense, Fatigue Analysis has three
main methods, Strain Life, Stress Life, and
Fracture Mechanics; the first two being available
within the ANSYS Fatigue Module.
The Strain Life approach is widely used at
present. Strain can be directly measured and has
been shown to be an excellent quantity for
characterizing low-cycle fatigue.
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S-N curves
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Simplified Fatigue Analysis Decision Tree
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Stress Life vs. Strain Life
Within the ANSYS fatigue module, the first
decision that needs to be made in performing a
fatigue analysis is
Ø which type of fatigue analysis to perform?
Stress Life or Strain Life.?
Stress Life is based on empirical S-N curves
and then modified by a variety of factors.
Stain Life is based upon the Strain Life
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Common Decisions to Both Types of
Fatigue Analysis
Loading Type
Mean Stress Effects
Multiaxial Stress Correction
Fatigue Modification Factor
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Types of Cyclic Loading
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Mean Stress Correction
Once you have made the decision on which type
of fatigue analysis to perform,
Stress Life or Strain Life,……..
and have determined your loading type, the
next decision is whether to apply a mean stress
correction.
Cyclic fatigue properties of a material are often
obtained from completely reversed, constant
amplitude tests.
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Fatigue Modifications
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Fatigue Strength Factor
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Loading Scale Factor
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Thisconcludes the input decisions required to
perform either a Stress Life or a Strain Life
fatigue analysis. Once the fatigue calculation
has been performed, there are a variety of
results available that depend on the type of
fatigue analysis performed.
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Types of Results
Calculations
and results can be dependent
upon the type of fatigue analysis…
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Results
that are common to both types of fatigue
analyses are listed below:
Fatigue life
Fatigue damage at a specified design life
Fatigue factor of safety at a specified design life
Stress biaxiality
Fatigue sensitivity chart
Rainflow matrix output (Beta for Strain Life at 10.0)
Damage matrix output (Beta for Strain Life at 10.0)
The results that are only available for Stress Life are:
Equivalent alternating stress
The results that are only available for Strain Life are:
Hysteresis
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Case studies
1)Connecting Rod
Under Fully
Reversed Loading
Here we have a
connecting rod
in a compressor
under fully
reversed loading
(load is applied,
removed, then
applied in the
opposite
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1.Import geometry and
apply boundary
conditions. Apply
loading corresponding
to the maximum
developed load of 1000
pounds.
3.Specify fully
reversed loading to
create alternating
stress cycles.
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4.Specify that this is a stress-life fatigue
analysis. No mean stress theory needs to be
specified since no mean stress will exist (fully
reversed loading). Specify that Von-Mises
stress will be used to compare against fatigue
material data.
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.Specify a
modification factor
of .8 since material
data represents a
polished specimen
and the in-service
component is cast.
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6.Perform stress and fatigue calculations
(Solve command in context menu).
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9.Determine multiaxial stress state (uniaxial,
shear, biaxial, or mixed) at critical life
location by inserting “biaxiality indicator” into
fatigue tool. The stress state near the critical
location is not far from uniaxial (.1~.2), which
gives and added measure of confidence since
the material properties are uniaxial
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Conclusion
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MINIPROJECT
Fatigue analysis of a plate with a circular hole
OBJECTIVE: To calculate Fatigue life of a Steel material
using Stress life approach.
Basic Terminology
A location is a node in the model for which fatigue
stresses are to be stored. It would typically choose
locations that represent points on the structure that
would be susceptible to fatigue damage.
An event is a set of stress conditions that occur at
different times during a unique stress cycle.
A loading is one of the stress conditions that is part
of an event.
The alternating stress intensity is a measure of the
difference in stress state between any two loadings.
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MODEL DESCRIPTION:
1)Selectionof element type:Model is a Solid 42
element type with a dimension of rectangular
plate of 60x60 mm and a hole of 5mm radius with
thickness 5mm.Free Meshing with smart size 3 is
done on the model. E=2e5N/mm2,ν=0.3
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.
3) Postprocessor:
Plot Von-mises
stresses and
displacement in
postprocessor
results. The plot
obtained is as
shown. This will be
saved as .rst file for
fatigue evaluation
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Establish the Size, Fatigue Material
Properties, and Locations
Define the maximum number of stress
locations, events, and loadings.
By default, it considers up to five nodal
locations, ten events, and three loadings within
an event.
Command(s): FTSIZE
GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Fatigue>
Size Settings
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Define material fatigue properties.
The S-N curve, a curve of alternating stress intensity
((Smax - Smin)/2) versus allowable number of cycles.
Command(s): FP, GUI: Main Menu> General
Postproc> Fatigue> Property Table> S-N Table
Elastic-plastic
material parameters M and N (strain
hardening exponents).
Command(s): FP, GUI: Main Menu> General
Postproc> Fatigue> Property Table> Elas-plas Par
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Ø Define stress locations and stress concentration
factors.
This option allows us to explicitly define a nodal
location of interest to our fatigue evaluation, define
stress concentration factors (SCFs) for that location,
and assign a short (20 character) title to that
location.
Command(s): FL, GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc>
Fatigue> Stress Locations
Ø Storing Stresses
Manually stored stresses
Nodal stresses from Jobname.RST
Stresses at a cross-section
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Listing, Plotting, or Deleting Stored Stresses
Listthe stored stresses per location, per event, per
loading, or per stress condition:
Command(s): FSLIST, GUI: Main Menu> General
Postproc> Fatigue> Store Stresses> List Stresses
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The following are the results obtained after
fatigue evaluation:
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Location 1 Event 1 Node 578 Direct stress Sxy
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Assigning Event Repetitions and Scale Factors
This option assigns the number of occurrences to the
event numbers (for all loadings at all locations of the
event).
Command(s): FE, GUI: Main Menu> General
Postproc> Fatigue> Assign Events
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Review the Results
Fatigue calculation results are printed in the output.
Command(s): *LIST, GUI: Utility Menu> List> Files>
Other> Jobname.OUT
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FS, NODE, NEV, NLOD, STITM, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
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References:
FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FATIGUE ANALYSIS-JULIE.A.BENNANTINE
ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide
www.ansys.com
Online ansys manual
www.scribd.com
Ansys verifcation manual
Fatigue analysis of connecting rod of universal tractor
through finite element method (ANSYS)Journal of
Agricultural Technology 2008, V.4(2): 21-27
Calculating and Displaying Fatigue Results, By Raymond
Browell Product Manager New Technologies,ANSYS, Inc.
Fatigue Analysis of a Welded Assembly Using ANSYS
Workbench Environment Klaus-Dieter Schoenborn ANSYS
Service @ CADFEM GmbH, Germany
‘Fatigue’ David Roylance , Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139 May 1, 2001
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