NOISE REDUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Christopher Morehouse Julie Maier Ted Zachwieja Caroline Bills

PROJECT OVERVIEW
Objectives:
Sound attenuation for performance cars (i.e. Formula Team) Minimal performance degradation Understand phenomenon of sound

Engine - lawnmower (Briggs & Stratton)

ENGINE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS

Sound Sources

Pressure Waves

Engine Firing Frequency

Mean Ef fective Pressure

ENGINE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS

DESIGN OPTIONS
HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR CONCENTRIC TUBE RESONATOR

ABSORPTION MUFFLER

ACTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION Pursued by another Senior Design Team

RESONATOR DEMONSTRATION MODULE

CONCENTRIC TUBE RESONATOR HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR

RESONATOR TEST SET-UP

CONCENTRIC TUBE RESONATOR Concentric Tube Tests: -1 . Var y Frequency -2. Var y Length

SPEAKERS Helmholtz Tests: -1 . Var y frequen cy

TONE GENERATOR (LAPTOP)

SOUND LEVEL METER

HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR

CONCENTRIC TUBE TEST 1 RESULTS

Fixed Length, Vary Frequency Predicted:
& -> max reduction Magnitude ~ 10 dB

Result:
Max 4dB Offset from Predicted

CONCENTRIC TUBE TEST 2 RESULTS

Fixed Frequency, Var y Length Locations of fset from wavelength multiples Reduction increases with frequency Max Attenuation:
550Hz, 10.3 dB (LCT) 550 Hz 8.4 dB (SCT)

HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR TEST RESULTS

Prediction:
High reduction Narrow Band

Result:
Reduction offset Higher F -> higher reduction

Errors Sources:
Simple Equation

ABSORPTION MUFFLER: OVERVIEW

Outer steel casing Perforated inner steel pipe
5 shapes

Steel end caps Packing material in cavity

3 materials 3 densities

ABSORPTION MUFFLER: MATERIAL & DENSIT Y OPTIONS

Fiberglass Fiberglass & Mineral Wool:
175, 200, and 225 g/L

Mineral Wool

Steel Wool:
Grades 0000, 1, and 4

Steel Wool

ABSORPTION MUFFLER TESTING

Test 1: Optimal Packing Material & Density
Standard Shape Option only

Test 2: Optimal Shape

Optimal Material & Density only

OPTIMAL MATERIAL RESULTS

OPTIMAL SHAPE RESULTS

dB Comparison Average
98.0

96.0

94.0

92.0

dB Readings

90.0

88.0

86.0

Baseline Standard S hort Short C avity Cavity Thin Thin S in Sine

B as eline S tandard

84.0

82.0

80.0

78.0 0 5 10 Distance from Muffler (ft) 15 20 25

POSSIBLE ERROR SOURCES

1. 2. 3. 4. Repeatability Non-uniform engine performance Non-uniform packing Noise contamination from environment Loaded engine, constant RPM Anechoic chamber?

CONCLUSIONS
Concentric Tube Resonators
Require further testing Follow-on
Research Offset Recordings of Engines

Helmholtz performed as expected Absorption

Steel wool better material, but best geometry needs further testing Follow-on
Higher densities steel wool Composite packing Endurance testing

SAE application
Recommend small Helmholtz with Steel Wool packed muffler

QUESTIONS??
References:
Bell, Lewis H. Industrial noise control: Fundamentals and Applications . New York : M. Dekker, 1982. Print. http://students.sae.org/competitions/formulaseries/rules/2011fsae rules.pdf