SCIENCE 2 PPISMP SEM.

2
SALT CATION & ANION

by ANWAR HJ SULAIMAN

LEARNING OUTCOME : At the end of these topic the students will be able to : 1. prepare soluble and insoluble salt. 2. identifying cation and anion quantitively 3. explain and use the term solubility product (Ksp) 4. Calculate Ksp from given concentration and vice versa

SALT IN OUR DAILY LIFE. 1. Thousand of different type of salts exist naturally. 2. Many type of salt in the sea such as . 3. Uses of salt : (a) Agriculture synthetic fertiliser / inorganic pesticide (b) Medicinal field plaster casts/ iron pills/laxatives/ antiacid/barium meal/ disinfectant (c) Food industry flavouring / MSG / baking powder / preservative (d) Chemical industry bleching agent/ toothpaste / washing soda

WHAT IS SOLUBLE & INSOLUBLE SALT? 1. A salt is an ionic compound containing cation (eg metal ion) and anion (eg Cl2, NO3,SO4) 2. Soluble salt are salt that can dissolve in water at room temperature. Insoluble salt are salts that cannot dissolve in water at room temperature. 3. Solubility of salt : (a) All Na, K, NH4 salt soluble in water. (b) All Cl salt soluble except AgCl, PbCl2, HgCl (PbCl2 soluble in hot water) (c) All SO4 salts are soluble except PbSO4, BaSO4 and CaSO4 (d) All ethanoate salts are soluble in water (e) All CO3 salt are INSOLUBLE except K2CO3, Na2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3 4. The method use prepare a salt depends on the type of the salt

FORMATION OF SALT FROM DIFFERENT ACID

ACID HCl TYPE OF SALT Chloride salt EXAMPLES OF SALTS NaCl, ZnCl2, CuCl2, PbCl2, NH4Cl

H2SO4
HNO3 H2SO3 CH3COOH H2CO3 H3PO4

Sulphate salt
Nitrate salt Sulphate salt Ethanoate salt Carbonate salt Phospate salt

K2SO4, CaSO4, MgSO4, FeSO4, CuSO4

NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, Pb(NO3)2 Na2SO3, CaSO3, MgSO3. ZnSO3 CH3COONa, CH3COOK K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3 Na3PO4, Ca(PO4)2, Mg3(PO4)2

PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE SALT. Soluble salt of K+ / Na+ / NH4+

1. Acid + alkalis salt + water 2. Add an acid to alkalis through titration method until the alkalis exactly neutralised with the help of indicator (pH=7) 3. Repeat thye mixing without indicator 4. Heat the solution formed until it becomes saturated. 5. Allow it to crystalise by cooling 6. Filter and wash with small amount of distilled water 7. Press the crystals between a few pieces of filter paper to be dried.
Ref pg 203

PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE SALT. Soluble salt WHICH ARE NOT K+ / Na+ / NH4+

1. Acid + metal oxide salt + water 2. Acid + metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxide 3. Acid + metal salt + hydrogen 4. Add excess solid metal/metal oxide/metal carbonate into an acid with stirring. 5. Filter to remove excess solid. 6. Heat the filtrate until it becomes saturated. 7. Allow it to crystalise by cooling 8. Filter and wash with small amount of distilled water 9. Press the crystals between a few pieces of filter paper to be dried (Ref pg 206)

PREPARATION OF INSOLUBLE SALT. ( eg lead iodide , lead chromate and barium sulphate.) 1. Insoluble salt can be prepare by precipitation method through double decompisition reaction. 2. MIX two solutions which contain the require cations and anions respectively to form a precipitate of the insoluble salt 3. Filter and wash the insoluble solid with distilled water 4. Press the solid between a few pieces of filter paper to be dried

(Ref pg 209)

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALTS. 1. Quantitative analysis of salt is a chemical technique use to identify the ions present in the salt by analysing its physical and chemical properties and hence, determine the identity of the salt. 2. Prelimenary examination of physical properties of salts (pg 218): (a) physical state (b) colour (c) solubility in water 3. Test for gases (pg 219) : Gas may be liberate when salt are heated or reacted with acis/alkalis 4. Identify ions (a) Test for anions in aqueous solution (pg 225) (b) Test for cation (pg 227 - 232)

CONCLUSION 1. Salt have manu uses in our daily life such as in agriculture, medical, food and chemical industry 2. Salt divided into soluble and insoluble salt. 3. Determine the salt properties by doing : (a) Prelimenary examination of physical properties such as physical state, colour and solubility in water (b) Test for gases produced. (c) Identify for anion and kation of the salt.

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