Interior & Conductive System of the Heart

The Heart
The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle. Out inward are:
epicardium, myocardium endocardium

The Heart
Is slightly larger than a clenched fist, working as double self-adjusting muscular pump. a. Human heart has four chambers 2 Atria Left & Right 2 Ventricles b. The atria lie above & are separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular groove/septum c. The atria are separated from each other by interatrial groove & ventricles by interventricular groove septum

Interior of right atrium

a. Sulcus terminalis a vertical groove on the outer side of heart at the junction b/w right atrium & auricle d.Crista terminalis inside the forms a ridge c. Smooth posterior part main part Sinus Vinosus d. Rough anterior part musculi pactinati or pectinate muscles
Crista terminalis

Openings into the Right Atrium

a. b. c. d. SVC IVC Coronary sinus Right atrioventricular valve a. Many small veins

Fetal remnants
a. Fossa ovalis b. Anulus ovalis c. Rudimentary valve of IVC

Interior of right ventricle

a. Is a triangular chamber b.Upper part becomes funnel shaped Infudubulum C.Trabeculae carneae projecting ridges from the ventricular walls composed of 3 types i) papillary muscle attached with ventricular walls and apices are connected by fibrous chords (chordae tendineae) to cusps of the tricuspid valve

ii) Attached two the ventricular walls without the middle part e.g. moderator band iii) Simply the prominent ridges.

Openings/valves in the right ventricle

a. Tricuspid valve Anterior, Septal, & inferior cusps the bases of cusps are attached to fibrous ring of the skeleton of the heart free tips thru Chordae tendineae to the papillary muscles. During the ventricular contraction prevent the regurgitation of blood b. Pulmonary valve Guards the pulmonary orifice consists of 3 semilunar cusps

Anterior semilunar cusps

Right semilunar cusps

Left semilunar cusps

Interior of left atrium

a. The interior of the left atrium is smooth b.Left auricle possess ridges

Openings into the Left Atrium

a. Four Pulmonary veins b.Left atrioventricular orifice guarded by bicuspid Mitral valve

Interior of Left Ventricle

a. The cavity s circular b. Intraventricular BP is 6 times higher than RV c. Well-developed trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles but no moderate bands like right ventricle d.Walls are 3 times thicker than right ventricle

Openings into the Left Ventricle

a. Bicuspid atrioventricular (Mitral) valve Consists of two cusps (ant & post) Similar to tricuspid valve a. Tricuspid Aortic valve Similar to the pulmonary valve with right, left & posterior cusps behind each cusp aortic wall bulges

Skeleton of the heart

Consists of fibrous rings That surround the atrioventricular, Pulmonary & aortic orifices The fibrous rings support the bases of the cusps & prevent the valves from stretching & becoming incompetent

Conductive system of the heart

Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Located in the wall right atrium near the opening of the SVC

Internodal Conduction Paths

Atrioventricular (AV) Node
Located in the atrial septum near the coronary sinus

Atrioventricular Bundle Bundle of HIS

Connects the myocardium of atria & ventricles

Left & Right bundle branches

Purkinje fiber