6

1

LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
Read fractions and
describe fractions as
parts of a whole
Represent a fraction
with a diagram
Write a fraction for
a given diagram
Determine the position
of a fraction on a
number line
*Please click on the red button.
A fraction is a part of a
whole.
Read as:
One quarter or one over four.

1
4
| |
|
\ .
Read fractions
Fraction Description Read as
Two out of three parts Two thirds or two over
three
One out of two parts One half or one over
two
Three out of four parts Three quarters or three
over four
Three out of five parts Three over five
Three out of eight parts Three over eight
Seven out of twelve
parts
Seven or twelve
Nineteen out of twenty
six parts
Nineteen over twenty
six
2
3
1
2
3
4
3
5
3
8
7
12
19
26
Fraction Diagram
The shaded area represents
3 parts out of 4 equal parts
of the whole object.
The shaded area represents
2 parts out of 6 equal parts
of the whole object.
The shaded area represents
4 parts out of 9 equal parts
of the whole object.
To represent a fraction with a diagram
3
4
2
6
4
9
Diagram Fraction (the shaded part)
To write a fraction for a given diagram
2
5
3
8
7
13
Remember this!
1
4
5
3
5
2
5
1
5
0
To determine the position of a fraction on a number line
A fraction can be shown on a number
line.
For example:
a)



b)
6
7
x
1
4
7
3
7
2
7
1
7
0
What is the fraction shown by x?
The fraction shown by x is
5
7
LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
*Please click on the red button.
Exercise 3.1
1. Write the following in words:
a)


b)


c)


d)
a) Four over seven

b) Eleven over twelve

c) Thirty one over
seventy two

d) Twenty nine over fifty
six
7
4
12
11
72
31
56
29
1. Write the fractions to represent the shaded area
in each of the following diagrams:
a)




b)





c)



a)

b)

c)
4
2
8
4
2
1
A fraction is a number that
represents a part of a whole.
3
2
Fractions can be represented
on a number line.
1
4
5
3
5
2
5
1
5
0

LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
Find equivalent
fractions for a given
fractions
Determine whether two given
fractions are equivalent
Compare the values of
two given fractions
Arrange fractions in
order
*Please click on the red button.
Simplify fractions
to the lowest terms
To find equivalent fractions for a given fraction
Equivalent fractions
are fractions of the
same value.
For example, fractions
and are both
same value.
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
Fractions of shaded area
is
1
2
Fractions of shaded area
is
4
8
1
2
4
8
1
2
=
4
8
1
2
Find two fractions
that are equivalent
to .
1
4
1
4
2
8
4
16
The shaded
area are the
same size.
Thus, 1 2 4
4 8 16
= =
To determine whether two given fractions are equivalent
Determine whether
and are
equivalent.
or
3 3
3 2
3
2

=
9
6
=
3 9
3 6
9
6

=
3
2
=
9
6
3
2
Therefore, and
are equivalent.
3
2
9
6
How much is RED?
2
1
6
3
=
Equivalent fractions
How much is BLUE ?
4
2
16
8
=
Equivalent fractions
To compare the values of two given fractions
The value of two given fractions
can be compared.

1) Make the two denominators
equal.

2) Compare the numerators.
Compare with .
7
2
14
3
14
4
2 7
2 2
7
2
=

=
14
3
7
2
>
7
2
14
3
<
> = greater than
< = less than
Therefore,
or
To arrange fractions in order
Fractions can be
arranged in order
on a number line.
Arrange
in increasing order on
a number line (from
the smallest to the
largest).
4
1
8
3
,
8
5
and
8
2
2 4
2 1
4
1
=

=
8
5
8
3
8
2
< <
1
5
8
3
8
1
4
0
Thus,
To simplify fractions to the lowest terms.
Simplify the fraction to its lowest terms.
30
12
5
2
6 30
6 12
30
12
=

=
Therefore, the lowest terms of is .
30
12
5
2
LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
*Please click on the red button.
Exercise 3.2
1. Which one of the two given fractions is
bigger?
a)


b)


c)


d)
a)

b)

c)

d)
7
3
,
7
6
3
2
,
9
5
2
1
,
5
3
3
2
,
8
5
7
6
3
2
5
3
3
2
2. Find the lowest terms for the following
fractions:
a)


b)


c)


d)
a)

b)

c)

d)
30
12
81
63
72
48
128
60
5
2
9
7
3
2
32
15
Just for
fun!
Equivalent fractions are
fractions of the same value.
6
3
4
2
2
1
= =

LESSON
CONTENTS
SUMMARY
VIDEO
Recognise mixed
numbers
Represent mixed
numbers with
diagrams
Write mixed numbers
on given diagram
EXERCISE
Compare and
arrange mixed
numbers on a
number line
*Please click on the red button.
To recognise mixed numbers
A mixed number contains
a whole number and a
fraction.
Examples of mixed
numbers are .
2
7
13
Whole
number
fraction
1 4 3
1 , 2 , 3
3 5 7
To represent mixed numbers with diagrams
Diagram Mixed number
4
3
2
2
1
1
To write mixed number based on given diagrams








The mixed number is .
1)
8
5
2
To write mixed number based on given diagrams








The mixed number is .
2)
4
3
1
To write mixed number based on given diagrams








The mixed number is .
3)
10
7
2
To compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line
A mixed number
can be shown on
a number line.
Activity
Lets do it
together!
LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
*Please click on the red button.
Exercise 3.3
1. Write the mixed number which represents the
shaded parts of each diagram below:
a)



b)




c)


a)

b)

c)

2
1
2
5
2
1
4
3
1
Just for
fun!
A mixed number is a number
which consists of a whole number
and a fraction.
5
4
3 ,
2
1
2

LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
Recognise proper and
improper fractions
from given fractions
Change mixed numbers
into improper fractions
Change improper fraction
into whole number or
mixed number
*Please click on the red button.
To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions
A proper fraction is a
fraction with the
numerator less than
the denominator.
Example:
3
1
5
2
8
3
15
11
27
2
To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions
An improper fraction
is a fraction with the
numerator equal to or
greater than the
denominator.
Example:
2
2
3
5
6
7
31
57
25
27
To change mixed numbers into improper fractions
A mixed number can
be changed into an
improper fraction.
Follow these steps:
a) Multiply the whole
number by the
denominator.

b) Add the product (a)
to the numerator.

c) Retain the
denominator.
1. Change the whole numbers
into improper fractions.
Use the denominator in the
bracket.

8 (denominator 2)
1
8
8 =
2 1
2 8

=
2
16
=
2. Change into an
improper fraction.

( )
3
1 3 6
3
1
6
+
=
3
1 18+
=
3
19
=
3
1
6
1. Change into a whole
number.
5
4
20
=
To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number
4
20
Since 20 is divisible
by 4, then the
fraction is a whole
number.
2. Change into a
mixed number.
8
1
2
8
17
=
To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number
8
17
LESSON
CONTENTS
EXERCISE
SUMMARY
VIDEO
*Please click on the red button.
Exercise 3.4
1. Change the following mixed numbers
into improper fraction.
a)


b)


c)


d)
a)

b)

c)

d)
9
7
2
3
1
7
20
11
3
4
1
20
9
25
3
22
20
71
4
81
Just for
fun!
A proper fraction is a
fraction with the
numerator less than the
denominator.
4
3
,
2
1
An improper fraction is a
fraction with the numerator
equal to or more than the
denominator.
27
58
,
8
5