Information Technology

PREPARED BY MANOJ L. MAKHIJANI

BASICS OF COMPUTER
Introduction Historical Perspective Classification Of Computers Elements Of Computing Process Characteristics of Computer Advantages and Limitations of Computers

Introduction

Computer is an electronic device which can compute and process data. Computer can store, process and retrieve data whenever required. Computers can do computations with not only all kinds of numbers but also with alphabets, pictures, sound, images and voice (multimedia) It is capable of producing accurate results from the inputs given and is very reliable.

Historical Perspective
Generation First Second Third Years Circuitry Characterized By Magnetic drum and Magnetic tape Magnetic cores and magnetic disk Mini computers accessible by multiple users PC and user friendly micro programmers

1951 to 1959 Vacuum tubes 1959 to 1963 Transistors 1963 to 1975 Integrated Circuit 1975 to present VLSI

Fourth

Classification Of Computers

Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Workstations and Microcomputers Computers on the move portable computers (laptop, notebook, etc) Docking station Palmtop computers Smart cards Embedded computers

Elements Of Computing Process

Hardware the physical parts of the computer Software the programmers that tell the computer what to do. Data People Procedures All the above are necessary for the computer to perform a useful task.

Characteristics of Computer
They are fast. They are reliable They are accurate They can store massive amounts of information They can move information very quickly from one place to another

Advantages and Limitations of Computers

Advantages Speed computations can happen very fast Limitations Incapability to take decisions on their own, like human beings

Versatility in terms of taking Capability to distinguish inputs it can process valid from invalid data multiple types of data Accuracy results generated Requires regular by a computer are very maintenance accurate

Parts of a Computer

Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse Scanner VDU Printers

Output Devices

Introduction to MS Word
MS Word is word processing software where text could be manipulated to produce documents such as memos, class notes, letters, term papers and other written text. Not only could computers process numbers they could also process words. Nowadays word processing has become one of the principal applications used on personal computers.

Introduction to MS-Excel
Excel is known as a spreadsheet application. A spreadsheet still uses the idea of a large sheet of paper into which numbers are entered. A spreadsheet is a highly interactive computer program that consists of a collection of rows and columns that are displayed on screen in a scrollable window. A workbook is an excel file where the data is stored and it consists of many worksheets. Worksheet is a grid made up of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Macros is a very small program that allows you to customize Excel so that it makes tasks easier.

Introduction to MS-Power Point

Power Point helps to easily create presentations for many purposes, including lectures, research reports, meeting handouts and agendas, speaker introductions and flyers. Presentations can be used to display diverse information in a clear and concise manner. It helps to: Create presentations with the AutoContent Wizard Add and delete slide from presentations Customize a slide layout Add Notes User the Web to view presentations

Accounting Packages
Accounting, in simplest terms is keeping track of our Income, Expenses, Assets and Liabilities. This is true for a business, for a household and for an individual. Some basic documents used in financial accounting system are: 1. Voucher 2. Journal 3. Ledger Some main reports prepared in the financial accounting system are : 1. Trial Balance 2. Profit and Loss Report 3. Balance Sheet

Computer Networks
A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. A network consists of five basic components:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Terminals Telecommunication Processors Telecommunications Channels and Media Computer Telecommunication Software

Operating Systems
Operating Systems are devised to optimize the manmachine capabilities. Programs are held permanently in the computer memory freeing thereby the operator from inputting a program for each application. An operating system can be defined as an integrated system of program which supervises the operations of the CPU, controls the input/output system of programs which supervises and translates the programming languages into machine languages and provides various support services. The operating systems are base on the concept of modularity.

Operating Systems
All the working details are taken care by the operating system. It takes care of all the intermediate activities required in accomplishing the task submitted. E.g. Microsoft Windows, DOS, XENIX, Mac OS, OS/2, UNIX, MIVS, etc

Databases
Database is a collection of related and ordered information, organized in such a way that information can be accessed quickly and easily.. In a database, data are integrated and related so that software programs provide access to all the data. A database system comprises of five major parts namely : 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. People 4. Procedures 5. Data

Web Commerce

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a transfer of structured data for processing from computer to computer using agreed formats and protocols. Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) Value Added Networks (VAN)

Internet
Internet is the worlds largest network. It is not a single network but a global interconnected network of networks providing free exchange of information. The data is transmitted in the form of digital signals. These signals are converted into a form suitable for analog transmission. The process is called modulation. The process of transforming the analog signal into digital representation at the receiving end is called demodulation. Thus the modification of frequency to carry data is called modulation. The device used for this purpose is called a modem.

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the net is a collection of web pages. It contains information that can be a combination of text, pictures and hyperlinks. The web is a graphic medium and most of the web pages have an image. The web browser is the software with which we can use the different aspects of the Internet like Usenet newsgroup, file libraries and so on.

THANK YOU

PREPARED BY :

MANOJ L. MAKHIJANI
WRO0284360.

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