Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Consciusness
Sleep Dreams Hypnosis Psychoactive Drugs
Consciousness
Consciousness
Persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment which is used to organized behavior
Waking Consciousness
State in which thoughts, feelings and sensations are clear, organized and the person feels alert
SLEEP
Circadian Rhythm
Cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour period
Adaptive Theory
Sleep patterns have evolved to avoid predators by sleeping when their active
Restorative Theory
Sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage
Stages of Sleep
Stage 1 (Light Sleep)
Theta wave increases and alpha wave decreases Hypnagogic images or hallucination Hypnic Jerk
Stages of Sleep
Stage 3 and 4: Deep Sleep
Delta waves appear
Slowest and largest wave
Sleep Disorders
Nightmares and REM Behavior Disorders
Night terrors
Person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during sleep without waking fully
Sleepwalking (somnambulism)
Episode of moving around or walking around in ones sleep
Insomnia
Inability to get to sleep, stay asleep or get good quality of sleep
Sleep Apnea
Disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
Dreams
Manifest Content
The actual dream itself
Latent Content
The true meaning of the dream
Information accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
Hypnosis
State of consciousness in whicn a person is especially susceptible to suggestion
Hypnosis CAN
Create amnesia whatever happens during the hypnotic session, at least for a brief time Relieve pain by allowing a person to remove conscious attention from the pain Alter sensory perceptions (Smell, hearing, vision, time sense and the ability to see visual illusions) Help people relax in situations that normally would cause them stress, such as flying on an airplane
Hypnosis CANNOT
Give people superhuman strength (people may use their full strength under hypnosis, but it is no more than they had before hypnosis) Reliably enhance memory (Theres an increased risk of false0memory retrieval because of the suggestible state hypnosis creates) Regress people back to childhood (Although people may act like children, they do and say things children would not) Regress people to some past life. There is no scientific evidence for past-life regression
Theories on Hypnosis
Hypnosis as Dissociation: The Hidden Observer
One part of the mind is aware of actions/activities taking place, while the hypnotized part is not
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that alter thinking, perception and memory Physical dependence
The body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug
Withdrawal
Physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems
Psychological Dependence
The feeling that drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological wellbeing
Stimulants
Drugs that increase the function of the Nervous System
Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine
Depressants
Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines
Narcotics
A class of opiumrelated drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous systems natural receptor sites for endorphins
Opium Morphine Heroin
Hallucinogens
Produces hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication
Marijuana LSD Mescaline Psilocybin