Ashis Kumar pradhan 0811013083

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO TSTPP
INTRODUCTION TO SWITCHYARD SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENT DETAILS SWYD PROTECTION

NTPC/TSTPS

INTRODUCTION
Talcher Super Thermal Power Project is situated in

Angul district at village Kaniha near river Brahmany at the feet of LORD BHIMKAND The Project has been Constructed in Two Stages. Stage-I Stage-II Total 2X500MW 4X500MW 3000MW

 The generated power of Stage-I (2X500 MW) of TSTPP is fed to the eastern grid and supplied to different states like West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, etc.
The generated power from Stage II (4X500 MW) is supplied to the Southern Grid by a 400KV,2000 MW HVDC Transmission link from Talcher to Kolar in Karnataka.

Each unit of TSTPP generates 500 MW at 21 KV and is connected to the 400 KV grid through a bank of 3 nos 200 MVA 21/(420/3) kV step-up transformers.

Salient Features of the Project

Total Capacity No.of Generating Units Generating Voltage Transmission Voltage 400kV Switchyard
220kV Switchyard

3000MW 6X500MW 21kV 400kV & 220kV One & Half Breaker Scheme Two Main one Transfer Bus Scheme

ONE & A HALF CB SCHEME

bay-1
To other S/S

Line Isolator

Circuit Breaker

Bus Isolator 1

Bus Isolator 2

Bus Bar #1

Bus Bar #2

One and half bus system: :

In this system three breakers are used for two circuits. The loads are automatically transferred to healthy bus from faulty bus without interruption of circuit. It is important for 400kv sub stations where higher flexibility is required.

Generators of TSTPP:
Stage-I: Make Rated Capacity Rated Voltage Rated Current Power Factor
Stage-II: Make Rated Capacity Rated Voltage Rated Current Power Factor : : : : : ABB Germany 588MVA 21KV 16172 Amp 0.85 PF

: : : : :

BHEL 588MVA 21KV 16172 Amp 0.85 PF

ISOLATED PHASE BUSDUCT

FOR GENERATOR AND TRFS.

3 NOS.GEN TRF 1 BANK 400 / 21 kV 200 MVA

UNIT TRF 21 / 11.5 KV 50 MVA

GCB A LINE CTs

LA VT 4

UT - B

LA VT 1,2,3

11 kV 1 BA SWGR

11 kV 1 BB SWGR
EARTH SWITCH OF GENERATOR

GENERATOR

400 KV 21 KV

NEUTRAL CTs
CT NGT & NGR 21KV / 220 V 175 KVA 0.212 OHMS 800 A

11 KV

EARTH

GT SPECIFICATIONS
Description
RATING (MVA) RATING (KV) TYPE OF TAP CHANGER TAPPING RANGE VECTOR GROUP NO LOAD LOSS LOAD LOSS AT NOR TAP LOAD LOSS AT MIN TAP IMPEDANCE NOR. TAP MAX. TAP MIN. TAP TEMP RISE OIL WINDING INSULATION HV LI LEVEL SI LV ROLLER DETAILS OIL QUANTITY (LTR) TOTAL WEIGHT ( MT )

TSTPP-I
200 MVA, 1-PH. 21/420/3 OLTC +5% to10% 1.25% steps Ynd11 105 KW 380 KW 450 KW 14.08 % 14.43 % 13.68 % 50 DEG C 55 DEG C 1300 KVp 1050 KVp 125 KVp SKIDBASE 31000 182

TSTPP-II
200 MVA,1 PH 21/420/3 OFF CKT +10%to-10% 2.5% steps Ynd11 95 kW 330 kW 380 kW 13.5% 12-15% 12-15% 35 DEG C 40 DEG C 1425 kVp 1180 kVp 125 KVp 6 TWIN ROLR 50950 252

200MVA BHEL MAKE GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

INTODUCTION TO SWITCHYARD
EQUIPMENT POPULATION
220kV SWYD NO OF BAYS NO OF FDRS NO OF BKRS 9 4 9 (ABB) 400kV STG-I 17 6 17 (ABB) 400kV STG-II 18 4 18 (ALSTOM)

NO OF CTS
NO OF CVTS NO OF LAS ISOLATORS

27 (WSI)
18 (WSI) 21 (WSI) 33 (SMC)

66 (BHEL)
18 (WSI) 36 (WSI) 48 (HIVELM)

120 (CGL)
30 (CGL) 30 (ELPRO) 38 (GR POWER)

BASIC HVDC Single Line Diagram

Smoothing Reactor
Thyristor Valves

DC OH Line

Smoothing Reactor
Thyristor Valves

DC Filter: DT 12/24 DT 12/36

DC Filter: DT 12/24 DT 12/36

Converter Transformer
DC Filter: DT 12/24 DT 12/36 DC Filter: DT 12/24 DT 12/36

Converter Transformer

400 kV AC Bus AC Filters

400 kV AC Bus
AC Filters

POWER TRANSMITE FROM POWER STATION TO CUSTOMERS THROUGH SWICHYARD

What is a Switchyard ?
It is a switching station which has the following credits : (i) Main link between Generating plant and Transmission system, which has a large influence on the security of the supply. (ii) Step-up and/or Step-down the voltage levels depending upon the Network Node. (iii) Switching ON/OFF Reactive Power Control devices, which has effect on Quality of power.

Switchyard layout
Objective:
Substation layout consists essentially in arranging a number of switchgear components in an orderly pattern governed by their function and rules of spatial separation as described in electrical single line diagram.

Pre-requisites: 1) single line diagram 2) general layout plan of power plant 3) orientation of line evacuation 4) control room building

Options / Alternatives The layout will vary for the following: 1) Switching schemes 2) Type of insulation - Air Insulated/Gas Insulated.

SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENTS
Equipments commonly found in switchyard : 1. Lightening arrestor 2. Current transformer 3. Voltage transformer 4. Power transformers 5. Bus bar and clamp fittings 6. Support structure 7. Isolators 8. Circuit Breaker 9. Wave traps 10. Earthing switch

Functions of various equipment : * Transformers : - Transforms the voltage levels from higher to lower level or vice versa, keeping the power constant. * Circuit breakers : - Makes or automatically breaks the electrical circuits under Loaded condition. * Isolators : - Opens or closes the electrical circuits under No-load conditions. * Instrument transformers : - For stepping-down the electrical parameter (Voltage or Current) to a lower and safe value for Metering and Protection logics. * Earth switch : - Used to connect the charged body to ground to discharge the trapped charge to have a safe maintenance zone.

* Lightning arrestors : - Safe guards the equipment by discharging the high currents due to Lightning. * Overhead earth wire : - Protects the O/H transmission line from Lightning strokes. * Bus bar : - Conductors to which a number of circuits are connected. * Wave Traps/Line traps : - Used in PLCC circuits for Communication and telemetering. * Reactive Power control devices : - Controls the reactive power imbalance in the grid by switching ON/OFF the Shunt Reactors, Shunt Capacitors etc., * Current Limiting Reactors : - Limits the Short circuit currents in case of faulty conditions.

CIRCUIT BREAKER
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

7. 8.

Actuator lever - used to manually trip and reset the circuit breaker. Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart Contacts - Allow current when touching and break the current when moved apart Terminals Bimetallic strip. Calibration screw - allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the trip current of the device after assembly. Solenoid Arc divider/extinguisher

Switchgear
Switchgear is an electrical functional

switch used for starting any drive and provide protection to the drive during on load condition.

Classification of switchgear
LT
Operating voltage : 415 V
The main components are: Relays Contactors Isolators Fuses

HT
Operating voltage is 6.6 kV Circuit breakers

CONCLUSION
Switchyard is most essential part of the power system. It is the protective part of the whole power system. Switch yard is also most essential part for transmission, distribution, and collection.