INFANT INCUBATOR

INFANT INCUBATOR model KEM 100

POLYTREND NEONATAL INCUBATOR - GINEVRI

Location in hospital
Nursery, Delivery Suites and Obstetrics, Neonatal Wards and Clinics and Air-Evac Units Obstetrics - Childbirth & Pregnancy

FUNCTION
An infant incubator is used in the nursery station of the hospital. These infant incubators are specially designed to provide a controlled environment for newborns needing special care and premature babies so the doctors and nurses can set and monitor different aspects of the childs environment in order to create ideal conditions for survival. These infant incubators perform a specific function of regulating oxygen, temperature, and humidity levels and protect newborns from pollutants and infection.

HOW DOES IT WORKS?

An incubator is basically a controlled micro-environment where the baby's needs are all met and vital signs can be carefully monitored. The incubator provides oxygenation or even mechanical ventilation (in cases of respiratory failure), optimum temperature, humidity and fluid balance, isolation from infection, and constant observation of heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature or any other signs that might indicate a problem. Incubators afford the baby a comfortable and carefully controlled environment; further, they also make it possible to keep babies in critical condition under more or less constant observation.

FEATURES
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ELBOW OPERATED PORTS allow easy access and eliminate cross infection LARGE FRONT provides access for major procedures and easy removal of baby EASY-TO-PULL-OUT BABY TRAY CANOPY WITH UNIQUE HINGES easy to clean inside the incubator SELF-SUPPORTING TUBE AND LEAD APERTURES (MADE FROM AUTOCLAVABLE SILICONE) easy and safe to insert tubes and cords MICROPROCESSOR-BASED CONTROL PANEL WITH UNIQUE BLOWER AND HEATER easy to read and touch-operated

OTHER FEATURES
THE ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER : The controller based on Micro computerized systems. Digital display system provided to measure the Infant temperature, Air temperature and to set required temperature. Bar graph LED system to indicate the heater output. FAULT INDICATIONS WITH ALARM for : For skin and air temperature too low or high, fan failure, heater failure, power failure, skin and air probe failure, canopy open, temperature >39C in any mode, control module open and circuit fault. BABY PROBE / AIR PROBE : Baby probe / air probe is made highly sensitive sensor and interchangeable, field calibrations taken care of by software. The probe is made up of silicon sheathed cable, which allows easy cleaning. OTHER FACILITIES : IV stand provided Front panel with large door and two port holes Rear : 2 port holes and 4 holes for tubes Combined window rotation and closing system Transfer handle Fitted with support for O2 cylinder

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)

Electrocardiogram: graphical record of electric potentials generated by the heart muscle during each cardiac cycle. Electrocardiograph (ECG) Machine: a tool/equipment to trace and monitor the electrical workings of the heart and record/display the result in waveform graph

FUNCTION AND USAGE

By analyzing the pattern and frequency of the ECG recorded, the following information can be extracted:
Heart rate Heart rhythm Conduction abnormalities Heart orientation in the chest cavity Evidence of increased thickness of heart muscle (hypertrophy) Evidence of damaged heart muscle Acutely impaired blood flow to heart muscle Warning signs of abnormal cardiac rhythm disturbances

Scenario and/or treatment that requires usage of ECG

Electrocardiography is broadly divided into two main groups : 1)Ventricular complex abnormalities The ventricular complex abnormalities involve the QRST waves and RST segment. 2) Arrhythmias Arrhythmias result from disturbance of the cardiac rhythm mechanism. They are disorders of the heart beat.

PARTS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH
Electrodes
- Electrodes consist of two types, the bipolar and unipolar. The bipolar electrodes can be placed on both the wrists and the legs to measure the voltage differential between the two. The electrodes are placed on the left leg and both wrists. Unipolar electrodes, on the other hand, measure the voltage difference or the electrical signal between a special reference electrode and actual body surface while being placed on both arms and legs. The reference electrode is a normal heart-rate electrode that doctors use to compare measurements. They can also be attached to the chest and watch for any changing heart patterns.

 Amplifiers - The amplifier reads the electrical signal in the body and prepares it for the output device. When the electrode's signal reaches the amplifier it is first sent to the buffer, the first section of the amplifier. When it reaches the buffer, the signal is stabilized and then translated. After this, the differential amplifier strengthens the signal by 100 to better read the measurements of the electrical signals.
Connecting Wires - The connecting wires are a simple part of the EKG with an obvious role in the function of the machine. The connecting wires transmit the signal read from the electrodes and send it to the amplifier. These wires connect directly to the electrodes; the signal is sent through them and connected to the amplifier. Output - The output is a device on the EKG where the electrical activity of the body is processed and then recorded onto graph paper. Most EKG machines use what is called a paper-strip recorder. After the output records the device, the doctor receives a hard-copy of the measurements. Some EKG machines have record the measurements onto computers instead of a paper-strip recorder. Other types of recorders are oscilloscopes, and magnetic tape units. The measurements will first be recorded in an analog and then converted to a digital reading.

HOW DOES IT WORKS?

The EKG is a measurement over time of the net electrical activity of the heart muscle. It is measured in several directions simultaneously, and by interpreting the electrical currents of the heart throughout a series of heartbeats, from several angles, we can determine much about the function of the heart. A piece of graph paper is dragged past a marker hooked to the measurement device of the electrical current at a fixed rate, and this leaves a graph of the net electrical current between two electrodes. The EKG can easily tell us the heart rate, the heart rhythm, and much more. Newer variations include the ability to record 24 hour or longer ambulatory EKGs to look for rhythm problems, and electrophysiologists look at EKG like measurements of specific areas of the heart during cardiac catheterization to find the areas causing rhythm problems.