L

and

DEATH
ABORTIO
N
46
million
Performed abortion every
year worldwide
• An abortion is the
termination of a pregnancy
by the removal or expulsion
of an embryo or fetus from
the uterus, resulting in or
caused by its death

• can occur spontaneously

due to complications during
pregnancy or can be
induced
TYPES OF ABORTION
SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
 also known as miscarriage
 is the expulsion of an embryo or fetus due to
accidental trauma or natural causes before the
20th week of gestation
 premature birth - A pregnancy that ends
between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation, if it results
in a live-born infant
 stillborn - When a fetus dies in utero after about
20 weeks, or during delivery
 Premature births and stillbirths are generally not
considered to be miscarriages
spontaneous abortion can also be caused by
accidental trauma; intentional trauma or stress
to cause miscarriage is considered induced
abortion or feticide.
INDUCED ABORTION
 A pregnancy can be intentionally aborted in many
ways.

Reasons for procuring induced abortions are

typically characterized as either therapeutic or
elective. Therapeutic when it is performed to:

 save the life of the pregnant woman;

 preserve the woman's physical or mental health;
 terminate pregnancy that would result in a child
born with a congenital disorder that would be fatal
or associated with significant morbidity; or
 selectively reduce the number of fetuses to lessen
health risks associated with multiple pregnancy.
ABORTION METHODS
SURGICAL

 In the first 12 weeks, suction-aspiration or

vacuum abortion

a. Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) Abortion

- "mini-suction" and "menstrual extraction“,
removing the fetus or embryo by suction using
a manual syringe

b. Electric Vacuum Aspiration (EVA) Abortion

- uses an electric pump
From the 15th week until approximately
the 26th, D&E is used.

a. Dilation and evacuation D&E consists of

opening the cervix of the uterus and
emptying it using surgical instruments and
suction.

b. Dilation and curettage (D&C), the second

most common method of abortion, examination
of the uterine lining for possible malignancy,
investigation of abnormal bleeding, and
abortion.
Curettage refers to cleaning the walls of the
prostaglandin for premature delivery this can
be coupled with injecting the amniotic fluid
with caustic solutions containing saline or urea

After the 16th week of gestation

a. intact dilation and extraction (IDX) (also

called intrauterine cranial decompression),
which requires surgical decompression of the
fetus' head before evacuation. partial-birth
abortion
b. hysterotomy abortion is a procedure similar
to a caesarean section, and is performed under
general anesthesia because it is considered
major abdominal surgery.
MEDICAL
non-surgical abortions
Combined regimens include methotrexate or
mifepristone, followed by a prostaglandin
(either misoprostol or gemeprost: misoprostol
is used in the U.S.; gemeprost is used in the UK
and Sweden.)
OTHER METHODS
Herbs possess abortifacient properties
have been used in folk medicine: tansy,
pennyroyal, black cohosh, and the now-extinct
silphium. but not recommended by physicians
because of its side effects such as multiple
organ failure,
causing trauma to the abdomen. The
degree of force, if severe, can cause serious
internal injuries without necessarily succeeding
in inducing miscarriage.
In Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
and Thailand, there is an ancient tradition of
attempting abortion through forceful
Reported methods of unsafe, self-induced
abortion include: misuse of misoprostol, and
insertion of non-surgical implements such as
knitting needles and clothes hangers into the
uterus.
HEALTH CONSIDERATION
Women typically experience minor pain during
first-trimester abortion procedures. In a 1979
study of 2,299 patients, 97% reported
experiencing some degree of pain.

MENTAL HEALTH
No scientific research has demonstrated a
direct causal relationship between abortion and
poor mental health
INCIDENCE OF INDUCED
ABORTION
BY GESTATIONAL AGE AND METHOD
BY PERSONAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS

Common factors cited to have influenced the

abortion decision were:
desire to delay or end childbearing,
concern over the interruption of work or
education,
issues of financial or relationship stability,
and perceived immaturity.
Some abortions are undergone as the result of
societal pressures. These might include:
the stigmatization of disabled persons,
preference for children of a specific sex,
disapproval of single motherhood,
insufficient economic support for families,
lack of access to or rejection of contraceptive
methods,
efforts toward population control (such as
China's one-child policy). These factors can
sometimes result in compulsory abortion or
sex-selective abortion
VIEWS ON ABORTION
 God is indeed the Creator of life in general, of
human life in particular and of both the body
and the soul of the human being.

 God the Creator is omniscient and personal;

God’s name is Love.

 Men and women are procreators with God.

 This human creature and every one of the

billions of human creatures who have ever
lived, can be said to have been made “in the
image of God”
Christianity
The Bible condemns the shedding of
innocent life.
Genesis 9:6 - Whoever sheds man’s blood, by
man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of
God He made man.
Exodus 20:13 - You shall not murder.
Deuteronomy 27:25a - Cursed is he who
accepts a bribe to strike down an innocent
person.
Proverbs 6:16-19 - There are six things which
the LORD hates, yes, seven which are an
abomination to Him: haughty eyes, a lying
tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood...
A child is a "person" whether born or
unborn.
The Bible consistently uses the same word for
a "born" or "unborn" baby.1
Rather, he or she is a person from the
beginning who goes through growth and
development both inside and outside of the
womb.
According to the Bible, God knew you
before you were born.
Jeremiah. 1:5. Before I formed you in the womb
I knew you, and before you were born I
consecrated you
SOCIAL ISSUES
SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION

 The advent of both sonography and amniocentesis

has allowed parents to determine sex before birth.
This has led to the occurrence of sex-selective
abortion or the targeted termination of a fetus
based upon its sex.

 It is suggested that sex-selective abortion might be

partially responsible for the noticeable disparities
between the birth rates of male and female
children in some places
 In India, the economic role of men, the costs
associated with dowries, and a Hindu tradition
which dictates that funeral rites must be performed
by a male relative have led to a cultural preference
for sons.

 In the People's Republic of China, there is also a

historic son preference. The implementation of the
one-child policy in 1979, in response to population
concerns, led to an increased disparity in the sex
ratio as parents attempted to circumvent the law
through sex-selective abortion or the abandonment
of unwanted daughters.
UNSAFE ABORTION

 Women seeking to terminate their pregnancies

sometimes resort to unsafe methods, particularly
where and when access to legal abortion is being
barred.
 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an
unsafe abortion as being "a procedure...carried
out by persons lacking the necessary skills or
in an environment that does not conform to
minimal medical standards, or both
 Unsafe abortion remains a public health concern
today due to the higher incidence and severity of
its associated complications, such as incomplete
abortion, sepsis, hemorrhage, and damage to
internal organs.
 WHO estimates that 19 million unsafe abortions
occur around the world annually and that 68,000 of
these result in the woman's death.
ABORTION
LAW
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIO
N