Water

-An

important resource

Contents

Project leads/Enquiry- Water Treatment Plant Water parameters & their Effects Industrial Water Process Flow Diagram Cost comparison

Project leads/Enquiry

Source of water Water Analysis Report Water Consumption break up End quality ( for all different units) Client Decision Procedure /Client analysis

Water Parameters & their effects

Sl.No Water Impurities & their effects Water parameter Chemical Formula Difficulties/ Caused Means of treatment imparts unsightly appearance to water,deposits on water lines & process Coagulation, settling & 1 Turbidity Nothing Specific equipment Filtration Softening, Cause scale in Heat Demineraliation,intern Salts of Ca & Mg Exchanger,boilers,pipe al bioiler treatment & 2 Hardness ,expressed in CaCO3 lines surface active agents embrittlement for Lime & lime Soda HCO3,CO3,OH boiler line, source of softening,DM,Dealkaliz 3 Alkalinity expressed as CaCO3 corrosion er by anion exchange Free Mineral Acid H2SO4,HCLetc Neutralization with 4 (FMA) expressed as CaCO3 Corrosion alkalies Corrosion in water Areation,Deareation & lines & Condensate neutralization with 5 Carbon Dioxide CO2 lines alkalies 6 pH pH=log1/{H-} adds to solid content DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 7 Sulphate SO4 of water, ns Add to solid content & DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 8 Chloride Cl corrosive character ns DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 9 Nitrate NO3 add to solid content ns adsorption, alum 10 Fluoride F cause dental problem coagulation

Sl.No

Water parameter
11 Sodium

Chemical Formula
Na

Difficulties/ Caused

Means of treatment

12 Silica 13 iron 14 Mangesne & aluminium

Sio2 Fe Mn & Al

15 Oxygen 16 Hydrogen sulphide

O2 H2S

17 Ammonia 18 Dissolved solids 19 Suspended Solids

NH3

Causes corrosion in boiler DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations scale in boiler , cooling tower, deposits on turbine blade DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations dsicolors, deposits on areation , contact boiler, water lines filtration, ion exchange Improvedd clarifier & Same as Iron Filter Operation corrosions in water line, deareation, sodium heat exchager line, sulphite corrosion bopiler return line inhibitors odor- rotten egg, areation, Chlorination, corrosion Highly basic anion Corrosion of copper & Zinc alloys by formation Deareation,Cation of complex compound exchange, deareation Scaling , Deposits on water line DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations coagulation, filtration

Water application area-Power

WATER CONSUMING AREA

INDUSTRIAL

DOMESTIC

PROCESS

OTHER

Cooling Tower Drinking Floor Wash Fire W Garden

Boiler Canteen AHU Ash Handling Coal Wash

Wash Room

WTP Operation

Power
AVGF,MGF Clarifier DeAerator
DM water Line

Boiler

Turbine

Disinfection Tank
Cooling Tower Cooling

Conde nsate

Cl

SSF
Blow down Recycling Unit Recirculation of BFW

CPU

ETP
Effluent

Treated Effluent Discharge

Steel
AVGF,MGF Clarifier DeAerator
DM water Line

Boiler

Disinfection Tank
Cooling Tower

Cold Rolling Mill

Hot Rolling Mill

LD & SC

Conde nsate

Cl

Blast Furnace

Coke Oven Plant

SSF
Softening Blow down Hot Wire Bar Mill Mill Pipe Mill CPU

Recycling Unit Recirculation of Condensate

ETP

Effluent

Sugar
Clarifier
DeAerator AVGF, MGF Turbine Boiler

Disinfection Tank
Clarifier Cl Vacuum Pan Sugar Crystals Evaporator

Raw Cane Recycling Unit

Cane

Crusher

Filter Cake

Finishing Tank

Centrifuge

Baggase Crystallizer Effluent

ETP
Discharge

Automobile
Polymer Clarifier

Plating process

AV GF,MGF Painting process

Disinfection Tank

Cl D.G. set Softening Tank Cooling Tower

Recycling Unit AVGF,MGF Blow Down Effluent

ETP
Discharge

Commercial Comparison
Sl.No a b c d e f g Aspects Scheme Capital Cost=Equipment cost+Civil cost O&M Cost=raw water cost+wtp o&m+ ETP load o&m Space required Time required List of civil work Labor Cost Option-1 X x1+x2 Option-2 Y y1+y2 -

Thank You