NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES & SYSTEMS

Unit 1

WORLD WIDE ENERGY PRODUCTION

15.2% alternative

84.8% fossil fuels

Fig 1: World wide Energy production (Pie-Diagram)

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

We will look at:

Solar energy Geothermal power Hydropower Tidal Power Ocean thermal energy conversion Wind energy

Biomass

Solar Energy
The Sun is free (nobody owns or controls it) In principle, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earths surface could provide for all human energy needs forever

Fig 2: Solar Panels

Clean Solar Energy

Solar energy is clean energy

It produces no hazardous solid, liquid or gas wastes

It does not create water or air pollution

Fig 3: Overview of Solar Farm

Indian Power Sector

Total Installed Capacity: 1,44,912 MW
3% 9% Thermal Hydro 25% 63% Nuclear

Renewable including small hydro

Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

ENERGY CONSUMPTION TREND

Fig 4: Share of Energy sources in India

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR INDIA?

Power shortage Rising Prices of Oils & Gases Ecological Hazards Ample resources and sites available Abundant sunshine Government incentive Increased financing options

BENEFITS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Avoid

the high costs involved in transmission capex. Avoid distribution losses Technical & otherwise Avoid recurring fuel cost Boost the rural economy Encourage self help groups & self dependence Enable village co-operatives to supply and / or monitor distribution Make available much needed energy for basic needs at the doorstep at affordable prices.

INSTALLED CAPACITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY

Total Power from Renewables: 10,619.45MW
2.12 45.8 86.53 43.45 634.83 542.8 Wind Power Small Hydro Power Cogeneration-bagasse Solar Power Biomass/Cogen(non-bagase) 7230.99

2013.17

Waste to Energy
Biomass Gasifier Bio Power

Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Wind Energy
The wind is free, commonly available and can provide clean, pollution-free energy Todays wind-turbines are very high tech

INDIAN WIND ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW

CURRENT SCENARIO

4th largest producers of wind energy in the world. Indias current installed wind capacity is 8.7 GW (approx. 10% of the worlds total installed capacity). Capacity growth has been strong with a 22% CAGR over last decade. Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra & Karnataka are the leaders in wind capacity.

INDIAN WIND ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW

FUTURE POTENTIAL

Cumulative installed capacity is expected to reach 12 GW by 2010. Generation based subsidy of Rs 0.50per unit recently announced for 10 years (limit of 5 MW per developer and 50 MW in aggregate).
Wind Energy Capacity in India

8000 6000 4000 2000 0

6228
4388 576 820 940 992 1035 1220 1456 1702 2125 3000

7092

7500

Geothermal Power
Magma rising from the mantles brings unusually hot material near the surface

Heat from the magma, in turn, heats any groundwater

This is the basis for generating geothermal energy

Tidal Power
All large bodies of water, including the oceans and large lakes, have tides Tidal power captures the energy contained in moving water mass due to tides

OTEC

Ocean energy thermal conversion (OTEC) is a new, clean technology that is still in the developmental stage It exploits the temperature difference between warm surface water and the cold water at depth to run a heat engine A heat engine is a device placed between a high temperature reservoir and a low temperature reservoir that produces energy