HISTORY

The search for knowledge and the truth, a searching to find out. An integrated narrative or description of past events or facts written in a spirit of critical inquiry for the whole truth.

RESEARCH
A systematic, rigorous investigation of a situation or problem in order to generate new knowledge or validate existing knowledge. It is directed toward discovery and the development of an organized body of knowledge.

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

A type of research that examines past events or combinations of events to arrive at an account of what has happened in the past. The systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe, explain, understand event that occurred sometime in the past. There is no manipulation or control of variables as in experimental research.

PURPOSE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

To make people aware of what has happened in the past in order to: Learn from past failures and successes Apply them to present-day problems Make predictions Test hypothesis concerning relationship or trends

Understand present educational practices, policies and

culture in which we live.

SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

A type of research that examines past events or combinations of events to arrive at an account of what has happened in the past.
Historical information serves as preliminary to reform. People become more open to change if they are well informed about the past, especially about tragic events. People are motivated to respect the contribution of the people of the past to the present state of thing, especially those of heroes.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Observation of historical research cannot be repeated in the same manner as in laboratory experiments and descriptive surveys. The researcher must find satisfaction in spending vast amounts of time in the library and in pursuing minute details in relation to the topic under study. A historical project is usually conducted by one person. A hypothesis is not always necessary in historical research; inferences are made more often from the bits of information gathered to produce the general description of the event or the situation. The writing style of the written report tends to be more flexible.

HISTORICAL EVIDENCES

It serve as the foundation of all history papers.

Your first job is to read the source. How you organize and present your evidence will be dictated by the nature and internal logic of your thesis Quotations allow the writer to present the original language of figures under consideration. Generally, one should avoid quoting from secondary sources All evidence, quoted or paraphrased, must be cited as

another authors work.

The historian is limited by the available evidence.

HISTORICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1) Identification of the research and formulation of the research problem and question. 2) Data collection or Literature review 3) Evaluation of materials 4) Data synthesis 5) Report preparation or preparation of narrative exposition.

GUIDELINES TO EFFECTIVE WRITING OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Mastery of materials Working outline Progression Emphasis on major elements Art of narration

Dramatization, rhetoric and style

CATEGORIES OF SOURCES

Written sources
1. Official and public documents 2. Books and masters theses and doctoral dissertations 3. Newspapers and periodicals with news items, news notices, articles, and advertisements, chronicles, and annals 4. Personal materials 5. Hand-written materials

Orally transmitted materials

such as folklore, legends, ballads, myths, sagas, epics, tales anecdotes, and traditions .

Artistic production
such as historical paintings, portraits, scenic or sculpture, stones, and coins.

Tape recordings
such as radio and television, documents, movies, films, pictorials, slides, microfilm, and transparencies.

Relics and remains

Physical Historic sites, furniture, weapons, human remains, clothing, food, monuments, fossils. Etc. Non-physical Language, social institutions products of the mind, business records, literature, manners, customs and ceremonies.

Primary sources vs. Secondary Sources

Primary sources / first-hand sources

A direct outcomes of events or the records of eyewitnesses. Original documents, Relics, Remains, Artifacts, etc.

Secondary sources
Information provided by a person who did not directly observe the event, object, or condition. Textbooks, Encyclopedias, Newspapers, Periodicals, etc.

TWO KINDS OF CRITICISM External Criticism

A process of determining the validity, trustworthiness, or authenticity of the sources.

Internal criticism
A process of determining the reliability or accuracy of the information contained in the sources collected.

..Thank you!.. ^_^..To God Be the Glory..^_^

REPORTERS: Gonzaga, Marie Joy P. Villavicencio, Jay-Ar F.