Techniques in Answering Section B

MDM. JAMILAH AHMAD SK BATU 4 TAWAU

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THE VARIABLES THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

What to change (WTC) What to observe / measure (WTO) What to keep the same (WTS)

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLES?

What to change (WTC) What is the different (at the beginning of the investigation) What to observe / measure (WTO) What is the result (at the end of the investigation)

What to keep the same (WTS) What are things that same / similar

HOW TO WRITE THE VARIABLES?

The _____________ of _________ (characteristic) (object) e.g.
The type of bread The amount of water The size of glass Exceptional for time, day, month, year..
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NOW, REFER TO YOUR QEC CARDS

Controlling Variables Mengawal Pembolehubah

What to change (WTC) Pembolehubah dimanipulasi (PM)
What to observe (WTO) Pembolehubah bergerakbalas (PBS) What to keep the same (WTS) Pembolehubah dimalarkan (PMR) perbezaan

keputusan

persamaan

The ______________ of ______ . (characteristic) (object) _________ ______ . (ciri) (objek)

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Purpose/Aim Tujuan Penyiasatan

To study the relationship between ______ and ______ .

(WTC) (WTO)

Untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara _____ dengan _____ .

(PM) (PBS)

Trend of Change Pola Perubahan

Increasing / Decreasing / Do not change

Meningkat / Menurun / Tetap

Prediction Ramalan
Predict the number o (e.g. 5 kg, 4 hour, 32 C) Ramalkan bilangan o (cth. 5 kg, 4 jam, 32 C)

Predict the situation (e.g. The competition will be more intense)

Ramalkan situasi (cth. Persaingan akan menjadi lebih hebat)
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Observation Pemerhatian

Write the result / situation takes place.

Tuliskan keputusan / situasi yang berlaku.

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Making Inferences Membuat Inferens / Sebab

Not comparing ____________ because ___________ . (observation) (reason) Tiada perbandingan ____________ kerana ___________ . (pemerhatian) (sebab) Comparing ____________ because ________ compare to _____________ . (observation) (reason) (comparison) Perbandingan ____________ kerana ________ berbanding _____________ . (pemerhatian) (sebab) (perbandingan)
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Relationship (Hypothesis) Hubungan (Hipotesis)

When the _______ ______ , the _______ ______. (WTC) (trend) (WTO) (trend) (Trend: increase / decrease) Jika _______ ______ , maka ______ ______. (PM) (pola) (PBS) (pola) (Pola: bertambah / berkurang)

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Conclusion Kesimpulan

When the _______ ______ , the _______ ______. (WTC) (trend) (WTO) (trend) (Trend: increase / decrease) Jika _______ ______ , maka ______ ______. (PM) (pola) (PBS) (pola) (Pola: bertambah / berkurang)

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NOW, LOOK AT THIS QUESTION

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LETS LEARN !!!

A student prepared three pots of maize seedlings, P,Q and R as shown below. All three pots were given same amount of water. He uses the same size of pot. Below shows the results that were obtained after two weeks. Seorang murid menyediakan tiga pasu anak benih jagung, P,Q dan R seperti WTS di bawah. Kesemua pasu tersebut diberikan kuantiti air yang sama. Dia menggunakan pasu yang sama saiz. Berikut adalah keputusan yang diperolehi selepas dua minggu.

WTC
Pot Pasu

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm)

P Q R

2 4 7

5 3 2
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CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

A student prepared three pots of maize seedlings, P,Q and R as shown below. All three pots were given same amount of water. He uses the same size of pot. Below shows the results that were obtained after two weeks. Seorang murid menyediakan tiga pasu anak benih jagung, P,Q dan R seperti di bawah. Kesemua pasu tersebut diberikan kuantiti air yang sama. Dia menggunakan pasu yang sama saiz. Berikut adalah keputusan yang diperolehi selepas dua minggu.

WTS

WTC
Pot Pasu

WTO
P Q R

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm)

P Q R
1.

2 4 7

5 3 2

State Nyatakan i. What is changed (manipulated variable) : The number of maize seedlings pembolehubah dimanipulasikan The average height of maize ii. What is observed (responding variable) : seedling (cm) pembolehubah bergerakbalas 16 iii. What is kept the same (constant variable) : The amount of water pembolehubah dimalarkan

PURPOSE / AIM TUJUAN PENYIASATAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

2. What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini dilakukan? To study the relationship between the number of maize seedlings and the average height of maize seedling (cm).
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TREND OF CHANGE POLA PERUBAHAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

3. What is the trend of change in the average height of maize seedling? Apakah pola perubahan bagi purata ketinggian anak benih jagung? Decreasing
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PREDICTION RAMALAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

4.

Predict the average height of maize seedling if the number of seedlings are 3. Ramalkan purata ketinggian anak benih jagung jika bilangan anak benih adalah 3. 4 cm
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OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

5. What is your observation from the investigation ? Apakah pemerhatian anda daripada penyiasatan ini? The average height of maize seedling in pot R is lower than seedlings in pot P and Q.
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MAKING INFERENCES MEMBUAT INFERENS

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

6. Give one reason (inference) based on the average height of the maize seedlings. Beri satu inferens berdasarkan purata ketinggian anak benih jagung.
The average height of maize seedlings is decreasing because the competition of water and space among seedlings in pot R 21 is greater compare to the seedlings in pot P and Q.

RANK IN ORDER SUSUN IKUT KEUTAMAAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

7. Based on the result, rank the seedlings in the sequence of increasing competition. Berdasarkan keputusan, susun anak benih mengikut urutan persaingan yang semakin meningkat. P,Q,R

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RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS) HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

8. What is the relationship (hypothesis) between the number of seedlings and the average height of seedling? Apakah hubungan (hipotesis) di antara bilangan anak benih dengan purata ketinggian anak benih? When the number of seedlings increases, the average height of seedling decreases. 23

CONCLUSION KESIMPULAN

WTC
Pot Pasu P Q R

WTO

Number of maize seedlings Bilangan anak benih jagung 2 4 7

Average height of maize seedling (cm) Purata ketinggian anak benih jagung (cm) 5 3 2

9. What conclusion can be made from the investigation? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini? When the number of maize seedlings increases, the average height of maize seedling decreases.
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LETS TRY THIS

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CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

1. The students of Class 6 Semangat were asked to carry out an activity to find out the relationship between the distance of an object from a source of light and the size of its shadow. The results of the study are recorded in Table 1. Murid kelas 6 Semangat diarah menjalankan aktiviti untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara jarak objek dari sumber cahaya dan saiz bayang-bayangnya. Keputusan ujian dicatatkan dalam Jadual 1.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

The distance of object from source of light (cm)

The size of shadow
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(ii) what is observed (responding variable) pembolehubah bergerakbalas

CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

2. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has mass of 100 g. after one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 2. Empat helai sapu tangan basah yang serupa, Q, R, S dan Tmasing-masing disidai di bawah kipas yang berlainan kelajuan. Jisim setiap sapu tangan itu ialah 100 g. selepas 1 jam, jisim setiap sapu tangan itu direkodkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 2.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) pembolehubah bergerakbalas

The speed of fan The mass of handkerchief after 1 hour (g)

(iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) The thickness of handkerchief 27 pembolehubah dimalarkan

CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

3. The bar chart in Diagram 3 shows the number of a certain species of fish caught by a fishing boat in five years. Carta palang dalam Rajah 3 menunjukkan bilangan spesies ikan tertentu yang ditangkap oleh sebuat bot nelayan dalam lima tahun.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) The year pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) The number of fish caught pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) 28 The type of fish pembolehubah dimalarkan

CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

4. A small ball was pushed with the same force along different surfaces. Table 4 shows the time taken by the ball to move a distance of 2 metres on different surfaces. Sebiji bola kecil ditolak dengan daya yang sama melalui permukaan yang berbeza. Jadual 4 menunjukkan masa yang diambil oleh bola tersebut untuk bergerak sejauh 2 meter pada permukaan yang berbeza.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) pembolehubah dimalarkan

The type of surface The time taken by the ball to move (seconds)
29 The amount of force given

CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

5. Diagram 5 shows the set up of an activity carried out by a pupil to study the relationship between the mass of a load and the elongation of a spring. The initial length of the spring is 10 cm. the results of the activity is recorded. Rajah 5 menunjukkan radas bagi suatu aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid untuk mengkaji hubingan di antara jisim beban dengan pemanjangan spring. Panjang awal spring ialah 10 cm. keputusan aktiviti direkodkan.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) The mass of load pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) The elongation of spring (cm) pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) The initial length of spring 30 pembolehubah dimalarkan

(cm)

CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

6. Diagram 4 shows three electric circuits, R, S and T. The brightness of the bulbs are recorded. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga litar elektrik, R, S dan T. Kecerahan mentol-mentol itu direkodkan.

State Nyatakan The number of bulbs (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) The brightness of bulbs pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) The number of dry cell pembolehubah dimalarkan

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CONTROLLING VARIABLES MENGAWAL PEMBOLEHUBAH

7. Diagram 7 shows two similar boxes, J and K. Each box has 8 holes punced in the sides. A farmer puts 20 chicks in box J and 12 chicks in box K. Rajah 7 menunjukkan dua buah kotak yang serupa, J dan K. Setiap kotak mempunyai 8 lubang yang ditebuk di tepinya. Seorang penternak memasukkan 20 ekor anak ayam ke dalam kotak J dan 12 ekor anak ayam ke dalam kotak K.

State Nyatakan (i) what is changed (manipulated variable) pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) what is observed (responding variable) pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) what is kept the same (constant variable) pembolehubah dimalarkan

The number of chicks at the beginning of the investigation The number of dead chicks

The size of box

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PURPOSE / AIM TUJUAN PENYIASATAN

1. A pupil carried out an investigation to study the effect of the height from which a ball is released on the number of bounces made by the ball. The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1. Seorang murid menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mengkaji kesan ketinggian semasa bola dilepaskan terhadap bilangan lantunan yang dibuat oleh bola. Keputusan penyisatan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.

Table 1 Jadual 1

What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini ?

To study the relationship between the height from which ball is released and the number of bounces.
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PURPOSE / AIM TUJUAN PENYIASATAN

2. Three wet towels of the same size hanged outside the house. The time taken for each wet towel to dry completely is recorded in the table below. Tiga helai tuala basah yang mempunyai saiz yang sama disidai di luar rumah. Tempoh masa untuk setiap helai tuala basah kering sepenuhnya direkodkan dalam jadual di bawah.

What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

To study the relationship between the thickness of wet towel and the time taken for the towel to dry completely.
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PURPOSE / AIM TUJUAN PENYIASATAN

3. Diagram 3 shows a bar chart on distances traveled by a toy car on three different types of surfaces within 1 minute. The toy car is given the same amount of push on different types of surfaces. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah carta palang tentang jarak yang dilalui oleh sebuah kereta mainan di atas tiga jenis permukaan yang berbeza dalam masa seminit. Kereta mainan itu ditolak dengan kekuatan daya tolakan yang sama di atas tiga jenis permukaan yang berbeza.

What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

To study the relationship between the type of surfaces and the distance travelled by the toy car.
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PURPOSE / AIM TUJUAN PENYIASATAN

4. Diagram 4 shows three electric circuits, R, S and T. The brightness of the bulbs are recorded. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga litar elektrik, R, S dan T. Kecerahan mentol-mentol itu direkodkan.

What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

To study the relationship between the number of bulbs and the brightness of bulb.
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TREND OF CHANGE POLA PERUBAHAN

1. Table 1 shows the number of turtles that had landed on beach X to lay eggs from year 2001 until year 2007. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan penyu yang telah mendarat di pantai X untuk bertelur dari tahun 2001 hingga tahun 2007.

State the trend of change in the number of turtles landed on beach X. Nyatakan pola perubahan bagi bilangan penyu yang mendarat di pantai X. Decreasing
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TREND OF CHANGE POLA PERUBAHAN

2.

Diagram 2 shows a bar graph which shows how many telephone numbers are memorized by five people aged 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu graf palang yang menunjukkan bilangan nombor telefon yang diingat oleh lima orang yang berumur 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70 tahun.

What is the trend of change in the number of telephone numbers that can be memorized by the people? Apakah pola perubahan bagi bilangan nombor telefon yang boleh diingat oleh lima orang tersebut? Decreasing
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TREND OF CHANGE POLA PERUBAHAN

3. Ah Seng has carried out an investigation on the length of shadow of a wooden pole that has been fixed in the middle of a playground near his house. The bar chart below shows the result of his investigation. Ah Seng telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan terhadap panjang bayangbayang sebatang kayu yang dipacakkan di tengah-tengah taman permainan berhampiran rumahnya. Graf palang di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut.

State the trend of change of the length of shadow from 8 in the morning until 6 in the evening. Nyatakan pola perubahan bagi panjang bayang-bayang dari jam 8 pagi hingga jam 6 petang. Decreasing and increasing
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TREND OF CHANGE POLA PERUBAHAN

4. Diagram 4 shows three electric circuits, R, S and T. The brightness of the bulbs are recorded. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga litar elektrik, R, S dan T. Kecerahan mentol-mentol itu direkodkan.

What is the trend of changes in the brightness of bulbs in curcuits, R, S and T? Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan mentol-mentol dalam litar, R, S dan T?
Decreasing
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PREDICTION RAMALAN
1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has mass of 100 g. after one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 1. Empat helai sapu tangan basah yang serupa, Q, R, S dan Tmasingmasing disidai di bawah kipas yang berlainan kelajuan. Jisim setiap sapu tangan itu ialah 100 g. selepas 1 jam, jisim setiap sapu tangan itu direkodkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.

Predict the mass of another similar handkerchief after one hour it is hung under a fan of a very high (4) speed. Ramalkan jisim sapu tangan lain yang serupa selepas satu jam disidai di bawah kipas dengan kelajuan sangat tinggi (4).

45 g

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PREDICTION RAMALAN
2. Diagram 2 shows two test tubes K and L, with K consisting of 50 m of oil and L consisting of 50 m water. A piece of iron nail with the same size is put into each test tube. The investigation is carried out for a week. Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua buah tabung uji K dan L, dengan K mengandungi 50 m minyak dan L mengandungi 50 m air. Sebiji paku besi yang sama saiz dimasukkan ke dalam setiap tabung uji. Penyiasatan dijalankan selama seminggu.

Predict what will happen to the nail in test tube K and the nail in test tube L after a week of investigation. Ramalkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada paku besi dalam tabung uji K dan paku besi dalam tabung uji L selepas seminggu penyiasatan. The nail in test tube K is not rusty and the nail in test tube L is rusty.
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PREDICTION RAMALAN
3. Diagram 3 shows the set up of an activity carried out by a pupil to study the relationship between the mass of a load and the elongation of a spring. The initial length of the spring is 10 cm. the results of the activity is recorded. Rajah 3 menunjukkan radas bagi suatu aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid untuk mengkaji hubingan di antara jisim beban dengan pemanjangan spring. Panjang awal spring ialah 10 cm. keputusan aktiviti direkodkan.

Predict the springs elongation if the mass of the load is 75 g. Ramalkan pemanjangan spring jika jisim beban ialah 75 g. 3 cm
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PREDICTION RAMALAN
4. Table 4 shows the time taken by four planets to orbit the Sun. Jadual 4 menunjukkan masa yang diambil oleh empat planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.

The time taken by a new planet X to orbit the Sun is 200 years. Based on Table 4, predict the location of the planet X. Masa yang diambil oleh satu planet baru X untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari adalah 200 tahun. Berdasarkan Jadual 4, ramalkan kedudukan bagi planet X. Between the Neptune and the Pluto
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OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN
1. A group of pupils carried out an investigation. They left two young plants in the open air for three days. Young plant X was covered with a black box. The young plants were watered every day. Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan suatu penyiasatan. Mereka meletakkan dua anak pokok di satu kawasan lapang. Anak pokok X ditutup dengan sebuah kotak hitam. Anak-anak pokok itu disiram setiap hari.

State one observation that could be made after three days. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang dapat dibuat selepas tiga hari. The leaves of young plant Y looked green and healthy compare to plant X.

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OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN
2. Diagram 2 below shows an experiment the brightness of bulb. Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen mengenai kecerahan mentol.

P Q The observation made is recorded in the table 2 below. Pemerhatian direkodkan dalam jadual di bawah.
Circuit Litar
P Q R

Brightness of bulb Kecerahan mentol Bright Cerah Brighter Lebih cerah Brightest Sangat cerah

What is your observation from the fair test above. Apakah pemerhatian anda berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan di atas. The brightness of bulb for curcuit R is higher compare to circuit P 46 and Q.

OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN
3. Diagram 3 shows a bar chart on distances traveled by a toy car on three different types of surfaces within 1 minute. The toy car is given the same amount of push on different types of surfaces. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah carta palang tentang jarak yang dilalui oleh sebuah kereta mainan di atas tiga jenis permukaan yang berbeza dalam masa seminit. Kereta mainan itu ditolak dengan kekuatan daya tolakan yang sama di atas tiga jenis permukaan yang berbeza.

What is your observation from the fair test above. Apakah pemerhatian anda berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan di atas.

The distance travelled by the toy car on marble surface is further compare to sandpaper and cement surface.
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OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN

4. Table 4 shows the time taken by four planets to orbit the Sun. Jadual 4 menunjukkan masa yang diambil oleh empat planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.

What is your observation from the information above. Apakah pemerhatian anda berdasarkan maklumat di atas. The time taken by Pluto to orbit the Sun is higher compare to Saturn, 48 Uranus and Neptune.

MAKING INFERENCES MEMBUAT INFERENS

1. Table 1 shows the number of turtles that had landed on beach X to lay eggs from year 2001 until year 2007. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan penyu yang telah mendarat di pantai X untuk bertelur dari tahun 2001 hingga tahun 2007.

Give one reason (inference) based on the number of turtles landed on beach X. Berikan satu inferens berdasarkan bilangan penyu yang mendarat di pantai X. Because of illegal hunting / water pollution that leads to the death of turtles.

49

MAKING INFERENCES MEMBUAT INFERENS

2. Diagram 2 shows an investigation which was carried out by Kumar and his group. Rajah 2 menunjukkan penyiasatan yang dilakukan oleh Kumar dan kumpulannya.

Write an inference based on the observations stated above. Tuliskan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian yang dinyatakan di atas.

The nail in container Q rusted because it was exposed to water and air.

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MAKING INFERENCES MEMBUAT INFERENS

3. Diagram 3 shows an experiment carried out to investigate the effect of competition between plants. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan persaingan antara tumbuhan.

Give one reason (inference) for the observation of this experiment. Berikan satu inferens bagi pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.

The plants in pot X are healthier than the plants in pot Y because the competition for space in pot X is less compare to plants in pot Y.

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MAKING INFERENCES MEMBUAT INFERENS

4. Table 4 shows the time taken by four planets to orbit the Sun. Jadual 4 menunjukkan masa yang diambil oleh empat planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.

State one reason (inference) about the difference in the time taken by planets Saturn and Pluto. Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara masa yang diambil oleh plane Zuhal dan Pluto. The time taken by Pluto to orbit the Sun is higher compare to Zuhal because the orbit of the Pluto is bigger than the Saturn.
52

RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS) HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has mass of 100 g. after one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 1. Empat helai sapu tangan basah yang serupa, Q, R, S dan Tmasingmasing disidai di bawah kipas yang berlainan kelajuan. Jisim setiap sapu tangan itu ialah 100 g. selepas 1 jam, jisim setiap sapu tangan itu direkodkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.

State the relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding). Nyatakan hubungan (hipotesis) antara pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas.

When the speed of fan increases, the mass of handkerchief after one hour decreases.

53

RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS) HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

2. Diagram 2 shows a bar graph which shows how many telephone numbers are memorized by five people aged 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu graf palang yang menunjukkan bilangan nombor telefon yang diingat oleh lima orang yang berumur 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70 tahun.

State the relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding). Nyatakan hubungan (hipotesis) antara pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas.

When the age of people increases, the number of telephone numbers decreases.

54

RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS) HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

3.
The time taken by a planet to orbit the Sun is related to the distance of the planet from the Sun. Masa yang diambil oleh suatu planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari adalah berkait dengan jarak planet tu dari Matahari.

Based on the statement above, state one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding). Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas. When the distance of the planet from the Sun increases, the time taken by a planet to orbit the Sun increases.
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RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS) HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

4. Diagram 4 below shows an experiment the brightness of bulb. Rajah 4 menunjukkan eksperimen mengenai kecerahan mentol.

The observation made is recorded in the table 4 below. Pemerhatian direkodkan dalam jadual di bawah.
Circuit Litar P Q R Brightness of bulb Kecerahan mentol Bright Cerah Brighter Lebih cerah Brightest Sangat cerah

State one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding), that can be made in this investigation. Nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas, yang boleh dibuat dalam penyiasatan ini.

When the number of dry cell increases, the brightness of bulb increases.

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CONCLUSION KESIMPULAN
1. A group of pupils gathered information about the amount of food needed by various types of animals. Table 1 shows the result of this investigation. Sekumpulan murid telah mengumpul maklumat tentang keperluan makanan beberapa jenis haiwan. Jadual menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan ini.
Animals Haiwan Food needed per day (kg) Keperluan makanan sehari (kg) 0.16

Rat Tikus

Penguin Penguin

1.20

Elephant Gajah

180

Puma Puma

2.5

What conclusion can be made from the information in Table 1? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada maklumat dalam Jadual 1?

When the size of animals increases, the food needed per day increases.

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CONCLUSION KESIMPULAN

2. Diagram 2.1 shows a toy that is used by a group of pupils in an investigation. The bar chart in Diagram 2.2 shows the information they have obtained. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebuah alat mainan yang digunakan oleh sekumpulan murid dalam satu penyiasatan. Carta palang pada Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan maklumat yang diperolehi.

What can you conclude from the investigation? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan penyiasatan tersebut? When the number of times the key rotates increases, the speed of toy increases.
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CONCLUSION KESIMPULAN
3. A group of pupils set up a ramp as shown in Diagram 3 to investigate the speed of a moving object. They rolled a marble from the top end of the ramp and recorded the time taken for the marble to reach the end of the ramp. This procedure was repeated by changing the height of the ramp. Sekumpulan murid membina landasan seperti dalam Rajah 3 untuk menyiasat kelajuan objek bergerak. Mereka menggolekkan sebiji guli dari hujung atas landasan dan mencatatkan masa untuk guli itu sampai di hujung landasan. Langkah ini diulang dengan ketinggian landasan yang berbeza-beza.

What can you conclude from the investigation? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan penyiasatan tersebut?

When the height of ramp increases, the time taken for the marble to reach the end of the ramp decreases.

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I hear & I forget

I see & I remember

I do & I understand
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