TEXTILE

Textile is a Latin word which refers to Woven Fabrics. The term now has a broader meaning and covers materials which are produced by other means , including: the interlacing of yarns, such as knitting, lace making and netting; other needlework techniques worked through a woven base, such as embroidery and canvas work. Some examples of textiles
costume, uniforms;millinery;tapestries;ecclesiastical textiles;carpets and rugs;dolls & soft toys, parasols and fans;patchwork and applique;flags and banners;quilts;needlework;curtains, upholstery;ethnographic textiles;samplers;non-woven materials such as felt,etc.

Textile Process Flow

Textile Fiber Selection Yarn (Spinning) Weaving or knitting Processing(Dyeing & Printing) Finishing

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE TEXTILE FIBERS

TEXTILE FIBRES

NATURAL

MAN MADE

VEGETABLE (Cellulosic)

ANIMAL (Protein)

MINERAL

SEMI-SYNTHETIC (REGENERATED)

SYNTHETIC

COTTON LINEN JUTE HEMP & REMIE

WOOL SILK

METAL ( ZARI)

VISCOSE RAYON MODAL LYOCELL

NYLON TEYLENE ORLON

Yarn

YARN
Yarn is defined as a linear assemblage of the fibers twisted together. The process of making the yarn from a textile fiber is called Spinning

YARN MANUFACTURING PROCESS (Cotton)

BALE OPENER MIXING BLOW-ROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING SIMPLEX (ROVING) SPINNING (RING FRAME)

Bale opener

BALE OPENING
BALE OPENING or BREAKING: The cotton tufts are opened in this process. As the cotton arrives in an extremely compressed condition the first operation is to loosen the matted fibers The cotton fiber is loosen by means of rotating spiked rollers of the bale opener.

Mixing

Mixing
This is a process of mixing the same/different category of fibers to get desired properties and cost effectiveness. Mixing is done after the study of the essential properties of fiber like staple length,Tensile strength, fineness, uniformity etc.

Blow room

BLOW ROOM
In this process the cleaning and opening of the cotton is done by beaters and openers. The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of cotton and other impurities are partially removed in this process. The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this process and the cotton lap is made out.

Carding

CARDING
Carding is the heart of spinning in this process the minute impurities like small seed particles,immature fibers etc. are removed. The straightening and aligning of fibers are done in this process. In carding the Blow room lap is attenuated to the card sliver.

Draw Frame

Draw Frame
Through drafting fibbers get paralleled
Up to Eight Carded Slivers are fed into the Draw-Frame and they are stretched/Straightened and made into a single sliver. Also fiber blending can be done at this stage.

Simplex

Simplex (Roving Frame)

Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more aligned/paralleled. The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be difficult to be fed into the Ring-frame as is, hence here the Slivers are stretched and were made thinner by Drafting and mild twisting (so as to strengthen the Roving).

The End-Product from the Simplex is called as Roving.

Ring Frame

Ring Frame (Spinning)

The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made into yarn by further Drafting & Twisting.

Basic Functions of Ring Frame

to draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
to impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist. Depending upon the yarn count required , the drafting and twisting can be adjusted.

Air Jet loom(Weaving)