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DESIGN FOR TWISTING MOMENT IN SLAB PANELS USING WOOD ARMER METHODOLOGY
NIMISH PRABHUKHANOLKAR
16 March 2011
AGENDA
Background Mx, My, Mxy: A Closer Look
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BACKGROUND
QC Comment from Client on a Project to consider Mxy
Objective of the study was the understand the impact of Mxy on the designs as they stand currently and establish a way forward
Hence it is required to create a platform wherein the design can accommodate Mxy as well, subject to constraints of time and effort.
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Bottom Reinforcement(M is +ve for tension at bottom or equivalently Face 1) Mx* = Mx + |Mxy|; My*=My+|Mxy|
WOOD ARMER BASICS
If either Mx* or My* is found to be negative, it is changed to zero and My* or Mx* is adjusted.
For eg if Mx* <0 then My* = My+|Mxy2/Mx| and Mx* is set to zero. and vice versa In doing so, if My* is negative, no bott. reinft required
If both Mx* and My* are negative, then no bottom reinforcement is required.
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For e.g. if Mx* >0 then My* = My-|Mxy2/Mx| and Mx* is set to zero. In doing this, if My* is positive, no top reinft required
If both Mx* and My* are negative, then no bottom reinforcement is required.
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SIGN CONVENTION
The same signs as outputted by STAAD can be taken for the whole calculation provided face 1 and face 2 is identified.
EXCEL SPREADSHEET
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The output is in terms of Indices, which are directly useful to the designer (introduced ahead)
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SPREADSHEET WORKFLOW:
The Spreadsheet takes the STAAD Forces Data, Node and Plate Geometry data as input
It calculates the Wood Armer moments for each plate for each load combination input and compares against the maximum NON Wood Armer Moments in each direction per face
EXCEL SPREADSHEET
The final output is a graphical display of MAXIMUM Wood Armer moment of a plate divided by the maximum Non Wood Armer Moment for the whole panel, in that direction, on that face. Note that the Spreadsheet plot may be a mirror of your actual STAAD Plot.
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SPREADSHEET RESULTS:
The results of the spreadsheet should be easily usable to the Design Engineer, with constrains of time for quick design and decisions , and also lend themselves to quick interpretation of the effects of Mxy. Hence an index was used which stands for the ratio of the Wood Armer Moment at a plate element, in X/Y direction , divided by the maximum NonWood Armer moment encountered ANYWHERE in the panel.
EXCEL SPREADSHEET
This enables us to think in the following way If the index is X at a plate, then the actual design moment including Wood Armer is X times the STAAD summary moment corresponding to that face.
If X>1.03, it is displayed in RED in the plot, liable for further corrective action
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CASE STUDIES:
Case-Study 1: MH3 - Inlet Manhole for Old Whittington Project
Case Study 2: Example analysis was done for many regular panel geometries and also applying it to some complex real project geometries
EXAMPLES
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MH3 GEOMETRY
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Face 1 STAAD Summary Mx* My* 71.197 88.96kN Spreadsheet 71.302 89.146 STAAD Summary -99.404 -106.8
Table. Comparison of Wood Armer calculations using the summary versus the spreadsheet The values stand for the design values after considering the twisting moment
The above table shows that spreadsheet WA moments can be more than summary Wood Armer moments
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Summary sheet was not enough to get the maximum design values, the actual maximums exceeded the summary table values by a small margin
Spreadsheet tool can be used to identify problem areas and check those areas for the higher demand, and reinforce accordingly (possibly give additional steel)
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D1
D2
D3
Actions Maximum Moment Mx(Wood Armer) Maximum Moment My(Wood Armer) Maximum Moment Mx( Non-Wood Armer) Maximum Moment My( Non-Wood Armer) Evaluation and Summary Face 1 Face 2 7.43 5.646 7.007 3.973 1.060368203 1.421092374
D4
Units -13.276kN.m -14.663kN.m -12.966kN.m -14.394kN.m 1.023908684kN.m 1.018688342kN.m
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D1
D2
D3
D4
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D1
D2
D3
D4
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Generally, it is seen that exceedence of moments from maximum non-Wood Armer moment is of the order of 2030%.
For larger panel sizes, even for fixed on 3 sides, at least one direction was affected by twisting moments. (D3 direction)
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GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
It is found that Mxy moments have a considerable effect atleast in ONE direction for most geometries. Hence it would be prudent to have a brief look at Mxy design in all cases. The highest Indices as noticed in the study were of the order of 20-30%, pointing to Wood Armer moment being 1.2-1.3 times higher than the otherwise maximum out of plane bending Mx or My
CONCLUSIONS
Engineers should be especially alert for Mxy in case they are thinking of curtailing reinforcement.
Spreadsheet can be used for an accurate assessment of effect of Mxy moments to take design decisions in problem areas.
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SAMPLE RUN
QUESTIONS.??
The end
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