PRESENTED BY

Introduction START I START II

(SORT)

NEW START Process of approving a treaty.

 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, (START) was an arms control treaty between the United State and Soviet Union. Which begun in 1982. Ballistic missile defenses (BMD) have been an issue in U.S.-Soviet arms control talks since the 1970s.
During the Cold War, both the nations attempt to balance limits on offensive weapons and defensive weapons so that they could maintain strategic stability. cont.

 Historically a major achievement occurred at the USSR meeting in November 1974, between President Ford and General Secretary Brezhnev. At this meeting, both the sides agreed to a basic framework for the SALT agreement. Basic elements of the agreement included:
1. limit on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavy bombers) of both the sides; cont.

 2) ban on construction of new land-based ICBM launchers; 3) limits on deployment of new types of strategic offensive arms 4) important elements of the Agreement (e.g. relating and verification) would be combined in the new agreement

President USA Ford and G.Secratery Brezhnev signing a joint agreement on the SALT treaty in Russia November 24, 1974

 The START negotiations were successors to the (SALT) Strategic Arms Limitation Talks of the 1970s.
To begin again the strategic-arms negotiations with the Soviet Union in 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan renamed the talks START and proposed root reductions, rather than merely limitations.

The treaty was applied on more then 6000 nuclear weapons a top of 1600 ICBMs SLBMs and heavy bombers. cont..

 In December 1991 the Soviet Union broke up, into 15 independent republics with strategic nuclear weapons inBelarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Russia.

 The START Treaty comprises of over 700 pages. Contain the rules to limit and reduce the offensive forces.
This Treaty includes different types of inspections plus continuous monitoring at the facilities in each country that produce mobile ICBMs or 0ther missiles.

 The Treaty also include over 80 separate notifications They are required to tell the other about new missile systems as well as about movements, operations, and elimination of arms.

The agreement to exchange records as well as any data necessary to understand them, would not have been possible during any other time in the history of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.

There is no compensation in the Treaty for the independent nuclear forces of France and Great Britain. It is important to note that the START Treaty is not about eliminating our relationship with alliances; it is about eliminating the risk of war. Russia

President Bush said, 'by reducing arms, we take a significant step forward in removing a half-century of mistrust. By building trust, we pave a path to peace. We sign the START Treaty as our last will, the new relationship emerging between our two countries - in the promise of further progress toward lasting peace'.

START I had a duration of 15 years By the time of the treaty's expiration, their strategic nuclear ammunition were significantly below those targets in the treaty.

During the 90s, the US and Russia undertook several attempts to replace START I with a new treaty that would have provided for deeper reductions

START II therefore translated to an overall fifty percent reduction in nuclear weapons, limiting each country to a total of between 3,000 and 3,500 strategic weapons.

A second START agreement signed by President Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1993 called for further reductions in strategic weapons

The agreement's original implementation deadline was January 2003, ten years after signature, but a 1997 protocol moved this deadline to December 2007

Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 2 November 1973

Both the US Senate and the Russian Parliament approved START II, but the treaty did not take effect because the US Senate did not approved the 1997 protocol and several Anti ballistic Missiles (ABM) Treaty amendments

START II was effectively placed for consideration in Russian parliament in 2002 by the U.S. withdrawal from the ABM treaty.

January 3, 1993: Presidents Bush and Yeltsin sign START II in Moscow.

January 15, 1993: President George H. W. Bush submits START II to the Senate for advice and consent. June 22, 1995: President Yeltsin submits START II to the Russian Parliament for approval. January 26, 1996: The Senate approved START II March 20-21, 1997: Presidents Bill Clinton and Yeltsin agreed to extend the deadline by five years and to immediately begin negotiations on a START III

April 13, 1998: President Boris Yeltsin submits the START II extension protocol to the parliament

December 25, 1998: In response to the U.S.-British air strikes against Iraq, the Russian parliament postponed the START II ratification/conformation.

April 14, 2000: The Russian Parliament approved the START II ratification legislation
May 4, 2000: Putin signs the resolution for START II and its extension protocol

December 13, 2001: U.S. President George W. Bush issues a six-month notice to withdraw from the ABM Treaty
June 14, 2002: Russian President Vladimir Putin declares that Russia is no longer bound by its signature of START II

Nearly a decade of efforts to bring START II into force ended in April 2002
A month after, the US and Russia concluded negotiations on the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT),

Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty

(SORT)
Signed Location Effective Condition Expiration
24 May 2002 Moscow 1 June 2003 Ratification of both parties 5 February 2011
(Superseded by New START)

Signatories
Parties Ratifiers Languages

George W. Bush Vladimir Putin

United States Russia U.S. Senate State Duma English, Russian

SORT replacing START II

The START II treaty was officially bypassed by the SORT treaty, agreed by Presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin at their summit meeting.

Agreement signed at Moscow agreed to reduce operationally nuclear warheads to 1,700 from 2,200 by 2012.

 (SORT), also known as the Treaty of Moscow

Committed to implementing significant reductions in strategic offensive arms
It includes V articles.

the Parties shall hold meetings at least twice a year of a Bilateral Implementation Commission. This Treaty shall remain in force until December 31, 2012 SORT does not, however, set any strategic nuclear destruction or weapons limits

 By early 2009, agreement between the two sides was possible, with a new administration in Washington under Pres. Barack Obama by April 8, 2010, the agreement was signed. limit each side to 1,550 warheads and up to 800 delivery vehicles The targets set by New START was about 30% below the levels set by SORT in 2002

Graphical representation

SORT vs. START & New START

The START was a book sized while, SORT hardly filled two pages START clearly Defined strategic nuclear warheads, while SORT was Lacking any monitoring provision and unverifiable. The (SORT), treaty terminated when New START entered into force

Official signature

PROCESS OF APPROVING A TREATY

Proposal/Plan.
A plan or suggestion put forward for discussion.

Negotiation.
To discuss or talk with others in order to reach an agreement

Efficacy/Effectiveness.
making effective or operative.

 Implementation.
The enforcement of a judgment .

Expiration/Renewal.
The ending of the fixed period is expiration and extending the period of validity or contract.

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