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Control Stand
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Engine Fire Warning Switches: Illuminated Indicates a fire condition exists in the respective engine. Automatically unlocks engine fire warning switch. FIRE WARN lights illuminate. Fire warning bell sounds. Note: The engine fire warning switches also illuminate during an OVHT/FIRE test.
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Engine Fire Warning Switches: The engine fire warning switches are mechanically locked down when no fire signal exists. The following is a list of items that occur when an engine fire warning switch is pulled-up: Allows the engine fire warning switch to be rotated. Arms one discharge squib on each engine fire extinguisher bottle. Closes respective engine fuel shutoff valve, hydraulic shutoff valve, and engine bleed air valve. Trips the respective generator control relay and circuit breaker. Thrust reverser isolation valve closes, thereby disabling the thrust reverser. Deactivates the respective engine driven pump hydraulic LOW PRESSURE light. Rotating the engine fire warning switch left or right will discharge the related engine fire bottle extinguishing agent into an area above the center of the respective engine (1 or 2).
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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APU Fire Warning Switch: Illuminated Indicates a fire condition exists in the APU. Automatically unlocks APU fire warning switch. FIRE WARN lights illuminate. Fire warning bell sounds. APU fire warning horn in main gear wheel well sounds (if aircraft is on the ground). APU fire warning light flashes (located on APU ground control panel in main gear wheel well). Note: The APU fire warning switch also illuminates during an OVHT/FIRE test.
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APU Fire Warning Switch: The APU fire warning switch is mechanically locked down when no fire signal exists.
The following is a list of items that occur when the APU fire warning switch is pulled-up: Allows the APU fire warning switch to be rotated. Arms the discharge squib on the APU fire extinguisher bottle. Closes APU fuel shutoff valve, APU fuel solenoid valve, APU bleed air valve, and APU air inlet door. Trips the generator control relay and circuit breaker. Provides a backup for the automatic shutdown feature.
Rotating the APU fire warning switch left or right will discharge the APU fire bottle extinguishing agent into the APU shroud.
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OVHT DET Switches (Three-position): NORMAL Both overheat/fire detector loops (A and B) are active. A Overheat/fire detector loop A is the selected active loop on respective engine. B Overheat/fire detector loop B is the selected active loop on respective engine.
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FAULT/INOP and OVHT/FIRE TEST Switch (spring-loaded to center): FAULT/INOP Tests the fault detection circuits for both engines and the APU. OVHT/FIRE Tests both overheat/fire detection loops (A and B) on both engines. Also tests the APU and wheel well fire detector loops. Note: A detailed description of the FAULT/INOP and OVHT/FIRE test will be discussed later in this presentation.
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BELL CUTOUT Switch: Push Extinguishes both FIRE WARN lights. Silences fire warning bell. Silences remote APU fire warning horn (only if aircraft on the ground). Resets fire warning system for additional fire warnings.
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EXT TEST Switch (spring-loaded to center): When positioned to 1 or 2, tests to ensure circuit continuity is normal from the engine and APU fire extinguisher bottle squibs to the respective fire warning switch. Note: All fire extinguisher bottle squibs are powered by the hot battery bus.
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ENG 1 OVERHEAT and ENG 2 OVERHEAT Lights: Illuminated Indicates an overheat condition in the respective engine. Automatically unlocks respective engine fire warning switch. MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator lights illuminate. Note: The ENG OVERHEAT lights also illuminate during an OVHT/FIRE test.
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WHEEL WELL Fire Warning Light: Illuminated Indicates a fire in the main gear wheel well. FIRE WARN lights illuminate. Fire warning bell sounds. Note: The WHEEL WELL fire warning light also illuminates during an OVHT/FIRE test if the wheel well fire loop is normal (see note below). Note: The fire detector loop in the wheel well is AC powered (transfer bus 1). Therefore, AC power on the aircraft is required to detect a wheel well fire and to test the wheel well fire detector loop. Also, the nose gear wheel well does not incorporate a fire detection system.
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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FAULT Light: Illuminated Indicates both overheat/fire detector loops (A and B) have failed on an engine (with related OVHT DET switch in NORMAL). Indicates the selected overheat/fire detector loop (A or B) has failed on one engine (with related OVHT DET switch in A or B). During an OVHT/FIRE test, indicates an overheat/fire detector loop(s) (A or B) has failed on one or both engines (with related OVHT DET switch in NORMAL). Note: FAULT light also illuminates during a FAULT/INOP test if fault detection circuits are normal. Note: The MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator lights DO NOT illuminate when the FAULT light illuminates.
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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APU DET INOP Light: Illuminated Indicates APU fire detector loop has failed. MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator lights illuminate. Note: APU DET INOP light also illuminates during a FAULT/INOP test if the APU fire detector loop is normal.
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APU BOTTLE DISCHARGED Light: Illuminated Indicates APU fire extinguisher bottle has discharged. Note: The MASTER CAUTION system does not illuminate when the APU BOTTLE DISCHARGED light illuminates.
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L and R BOTTLE DISCHARGED Lights: Illuminated Indicates respective engine fire extinguisher bottle has discharged. Note: The MASTER CAUTION system does not illuminate when the L or R BOTTLE DISCHARGED lights illuminates.
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EXT TEST Lights (3 green): Illuminated Extinguisher test switch has been positioned to 1 or 2 and circuit continuity is normal from the engine and APU fire extinguisher bottle squibs to the respective fire warning switch.
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Left Side
Right Side
Listen to the fire warning bell
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Push Extinguishes both FIRE WARN lights. Silences fire warning bell. Silences remote APU fire warning horn (ground only). Resets fire warning system for additional fire warnings. Note: Pushing the BELL CUTOUT switch on the overheat/fire protection panel results in the same four items listed above.
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The following is a list of items that occur when the APU fire control handle is pulled-down: Closes APU fuel shutoff valve, APU fuel solenoid valve, APU bleed air valve, and APU air inlet door. Trips the generator control relay and circuit breaker. Arms the APU BOTTLE DISCHARGE switch.
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Recall that with an APU fire indication, the following items also occur: Automatically unlocks APU fire warning switch. FIRE WARN lights illuminate. Fire warning bell sounds. APU fire warning horn in main gear wheel well sounds (if aircraft is on the ground).
Illuminated steady Indicates APU fire warning HORN CUTOUT switch has been pushed following an APU fire indication. Light remains illuminated steady until the APU fire detector loop no longer detects a fire condition.
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This concludes the general review of the fire protection system. The next section will discuss the fire protection system in greater detail. Click Next to continue.
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Fire Protection
System Description
The engines, APU, main gear wheel well, and lavatories all incorporate a fire detection system. The engines also incorporate an overheat detection system. All the aforementioned areas have their own fire extinguishing system, except the main gear wheel well.
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The engine overheat/fire detection system is known as a dual-loop system. This dualloop system consists of two identical overheat/fire detector loops. Both loops are capable of detecting an overheat or fire condition. The loops are referred to as loop A and loop B.
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Lower fan element Loop A and loop B both consist of four sensing elements. Each sensing element is part of a continuous electrical resistance loop, with resistance varying inversely as a function of temperature. In other words, as the temperature of the sensing element increases, resistance decreases. The sensing elements run side-by-side and are attached to a support tube. The power source for both overheat/fire detector loops is the battery bus. The four sensing elements are located in the following four areas of the engine: engine strut, upper fan, lower fan, and surrounding engine core
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With the OVHT DET switches positioned to NORMAL, both loop A and loop B sensing elements must agree on a overheat condition before an overheat signal is sent to the flight deck. With the OVHT DET switch positioned to A or B, the system operates as a single loop system. The selected loop will operate normally without the assistance of the non-selected loop and, if necessary, will send an overheat signal to the flight deck if it detects an overheat condition. The pictures above indicate which lights will be illuminated during an overheat condition on the No. 1 engine. The ENG 1 OVERHEAT light will remain illuminated until the temperature of the detector loops drop below the pre-determined limit.
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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With the OVHT DET switches positioned to NORMAL, both loop A and loop B sensing elements must agree on a fire condition before a fire signal is sent to the flight deck. With the OVHT DET switch positioned to A or B, the system operates as a single loop system. The selected loop will operate normally without the assistance of the non-selected loop and, if necessary, will send a fire signal to the flight deck if it detects a fire condition. The pictures above indicate which lights will be illuminated during a fire condition on the No. 1 engine. The engine fire warning switch and ENG 1 OVERHEAT light will remain illuminated until the temperature of the detector loops drop below the pre-determined limit.
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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Recall that the FAULT light monitors both loop A and B on both engines. With a failure of one loop on either engine, and the OVHT DET switches in NORMAL, the affected loop is automatically deselected and the system operates as a single loop system. The crew will still be warned of an overheat or fire condition even with one loop inoperative. There is no flight deck indication of a single loop failure, i.e. the FAULT light does not illuminate. If both loop A and B were to fail on either engine, the FAULT illuminates. The failure of both loops renders the overheat/fire detection system inoperative on the affected engine. The illumination of the FAULT light does not illuminate the master caution or any system annunciator.
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POWER FAILURE
FAULT
L O O P B
FIRE
FIRE OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
NONE
FIRE OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
NONE
FAULT
NORMAL
NONE
NONE
NONE
FAULT
OVERHEAT
NONE
FAULT
FAULT
FAULT
FAULT
FAULT
FAULT
This table indicates which overheat/fire detection warning lights will be illuminated under various conditions assuming both loops are operative. For example, if loop A on the No. 1 engine was detecting an overheat condition and loop B on the No. 1 engine was detecting a fire condition, the ENG 1 OVERHEAT light would be illuminated. This is because both loops have at least agreed upon an overheat condition, yet do not agree on a fire condition.
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FIRE
OVERHEAT
NORMAL
FAULT
POWER FAILURE
FIRE OVERHEAT
OVERHEAT
NONE
FAULT
FAULT
This table indicates which overheat/fire detection warning lights will be illuminated under various conditions assuming one loop inoperative. For example, if loop A on the No. 1 engine was inoperative and loop B on the No. 1 engine was sensing a fire condition, the No. 1 fire warning switch and the ENG 1 OVERHEAT light would be illuminated. Because one loop is inoperative, the operating loop acts as a single loop system and sends the appropriate warning signals to the fight deck.
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In order to combat an engine fire, the respective fire warning switch must be pulled-up and rotated left or right. The fire warning switches are normally locked down to prevent an inadvertent shutdown of an engine. They are automatically unlocked when the system detects an overheat or fire condition. If the fire warning switches fail to unlock, they may be manually unlocked via the fire warning switch override (located under each fire warning switch).
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The following is a list of items that occur when an engine fire warning switch is pulled-up: Allows the engine fire warning switch to be rotated. Arms one discharge squib on each engine fire extinguisher bottle. Closes respective engine fuel shutoff valve, hydraulic shutoff valve, and engine bleed air valve. Trips the respective generator control relay and circuit breaker. Thrust reverser isolation valve closes, thereby disabling the thrust reverser. Deactivates the respective engine driven pump hydraulic LOW PRESSURE light.
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There are two engine fire bottles located in the main gear wheel well. Either or both fire bottles are capable of discharging their extinguishing agent to either engine. Two squib cartridges are attached to the discharge ports of both fire bottles. Rotating an engine fire warning switch fires the appropriate squib on the selected bottle, which in turn ruptures a retaining disc and releases the extinguishing agent into the respective engine. When the pressure in the fire bottle drops below a pre-determined limit, the respective BOTTLE DISCHARGED light illuminates.
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Rotating the No. 1 engine fire warning switch to the left electrically fires the No. 1 squib on the left bottle and discharges the extinguishing agent into the No. 1 engine. If the engine fire does not extinguish, the other option is to rotate the No. 1 engine fire warning switch to the right. This fires the No. 1 squib on the right bottle and discharges the extinguishing agent into the No. 1 engine. Remember, ONLY two engine fire extinguishing bottles are installed!
Rotating the No. 2 engine fire warning switch acts in the same manner as the No. 1 engine fire warning switch, except the extinguishing agent is discharged into the No. 2 engine.
No. 1 engine
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No. 2 engine
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A single fire detector loop is installed on the APU and consists of three sensing elements. The sensing elements are located in the APU engine and exhaust areas. The sensing elements function similar to the engine overheat/fire detector loops, i.e. as the temperature of the sensing element increases, resistance decreases. The power source for the fire detector loop is the battery bus.
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When the temperature of the sensing element rises to a predetermined limit, the APU fire warning switch illuminates, the fire warning bell sounds, and the APU automatically shuts down. These pictures indicate which lights will be illuminated during an APU fire condition. In addition, the APU fire warning light on the ground control panel flashes and the APU fire warning horn sounds (if aircraft is on the ground). The APU fire warning switch and the APU fire warning light will remain illuminated until the temperature of the detector loop drops below the pre-determined limit.
PT. METRO BATAVIA Directorate of Operational
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A fault monitoring system is installed to ensure that the APU fire detector loop is functioning properly. If the loop fails, the APU DET INOP light illuminates as well as the MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator.
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In order to combat an APU fire, the APU fire warning switch must be pulled-up and rotated left or right. The APU fire warning switch is normally locked down to prevent an inadvertent shutdown of the APU. It is automatically unlocked when the system detects a fire condition in the APU. If the fire switch fails to unlock, it may be manually unlocked via the fire warning switch override (located under the APU fire warning switch).
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The following is a list of items that occur when the APU fire warning switch is pulled-up: Allows the APU fire warning switch to be rotated. Provides a backup for the automatic shutdown feature. Closes APU fuel shutoff valve, APU fuel solenoid valve, APU bleed air valve, and APU air inlet door. Trips the generator control relay and circuit breaker. Arms the discharge squib on the APU fire extinguisher bottle.
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There is one APU fire extinguisher bottle located in the empennage section of the aircraft. One squib cartridge is attached to the discharge port of the fire bottle. Rotating the APU fire warning switch fires the squib which in turn ruptures a retaining disc and releases the extinguishing agent into the APU. When the pressure in the fire bottle drops below a pre-determined limit, the APU BOTTLE DISCHARGED light illuminates.
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Located on the lower right side of the fuselage, under the APU air inlet door, are two APU fire bottle indicators. The indicators are small red and yellow plastic discs held in place by a snap-ring. The red disc is the thermal relief indicator and the yellow disc is the system discharge indicator.
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If the internal temperature of the fire extinguisher bottle exceeds approximately 266 F., the extinguishing agent will be expelled into a discharge line which leads to the thermal relief indicator (red disc). The pressure from the bottle will rupture the thermal relief indicator and all the extinguishing agent is dumped overboard. When the APU fire warning switch is rotated in either direction, the extinguishing agent from the bottle is automatically expelled into the APU shroud. When this occurs, some of the pressure from the bottle is routed to the system discharge indicator (yellow disc). The pressure forces a small knock-out pin to punch the yellow disc out onto the ground. The knock-out pin will protrude slightly from the hole where the yellow disc was.
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A single fire detector loop is installed on the ceiling of the main gear wheel well. The fire detector loop consists of one continuous sensing element that functions similar to the engine overheat/fire detector loops, i.e. as the temperature of the sensing element increases, resistance decreases. The power source for the fire detector loop is transfer bus 1. The nose gear wheel well does not incorporate a fire detection system. See picture of main gear wheel well fire loop
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When the temperature of the sensing element rises to a pre-determined limit, the WHEEL WELL fire warning light illuminates and the fire warning bell sounds. These pictures indicate which lights will be illuminated during a wheel well fire condition. The WHEEL WELL fire warning light will remain illuminated until the temperature of the fire detector loop drops below the pre-determined limit. Note: The main gear wheel well detection system does not incorporate any type of fire extinguishing system.
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FAULT/INOP Test
The fault detection circuits for both engines and the APU are tested by pushing and holding the TEST switch to the FAULT/INOP position. The picture above and the list below indicates which lights will be illuminated during a successful FAULT/INOP test: The FAULT light illuminates. The APU DET INOP light illuminates. The OVHT/DET system annunciator light illuminates (due to the illumination of the APU DET INOP light). Both MASTER CAUTION lights illuminate.
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FAULT/INOP Test
When the FAULT/INOP test switch is released, the FAULT and APU DET INOP lights extinguish. The MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator lights extinguish when either MASTER CAUTION light is pressed. If the FAULT or APU DET INOP lights do not illuminate during the test, the respective fault detection circuits are inoperative and the FAULT/INOP test would therefore be considered unsuccessful.
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OVHT/FIRE Test
To test the overheat/fire detection loops on both engines, the APU fire detector loop, and the main gear wheel well fire detector loop, position the TEST switch to the OVHT/FIRE position. The picture above and the list below indicates which lights will be illuminated during a successful OVHT/FIRE test: The fire warning bell sounds. Both engine fire warning switches illuminate. The APU fire warning switch illuminates. Both ENG OVERHEAT lights illuminate. Both MASTER CAUTION lights and both FIRE WARN lights illuminate. The OVHT/DET system annunciator light illuminates (due to the illumination of the ENG OVERHEAT lights). The WHEEL WELL fire warning light illuminates (if AC power is on the aircraft). The APU fire warning light flashes and the APU fire warning horn sounds (if on the ground).
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OVHT/FIRE Test
When the OVHT/FIRE test switch is released, the fire warning bell silences and all overheat and fire warning lights extinguish. The MASTER CAUTION and OVHT/DET system annunciator lights extinguish when either MASTER CAUTION light is pressed.
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OVHT/FIRE Test
During a successful OVHT/FIRE test, the FAULT light will not illuminate along with the other overheat and fire warning lights. If the FAULT light does illuminate during the OVHT/FIRE test, this indicates that one or more detector loops have failed on either engine. The OVHT/FIRE test would therefore be considered unsuccessful. In order to determine which loops on which engine have failed, the OVHT/FIRE test must be performed again while each OVHT DET switch is positioned to A and then B. For example, lets assume that loop A is inoperative on the No. 1 engine. When the OVHT/FIRE test is performed with both OVHT DET switches in A, all overheat and fire warning lights illuminate normally except for the ENG 1 OVERHEAT and the No. 1 fire warning switch. The FAULT light also illuminates reaffirming that a fault condition exists on the A loop, No. 1 engine. The picture above indicates which lights will be illuminated/extinguished during an OVHT/FIRE test with an inoperative A loop, No. 1 engine. Notice the ENG 2 OVERHEAT and No. 2 fire warning switch are illuminated indicating loop A No. 2 engine is good.
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Extinguisher Test
When the extinguisher test switch is positioned to 1 or 2, circuit continuity is tested from the engine and APU fire extinguisher bottle squibs to the respective fire warning switch. All three green extinguisher test lights will illuminate indicating a successful test. The following is what occurs when the extinguisher test switch is positioned to 1 and 2: Positioned to 1 Circuit continuity is tested on the No. 1 squib for both the left and right fire extinguisher bottles. Circuit continuity is also tested for the squib on the APU fire extinguisher bottle. Positioned to 2: Circuit continuity is tested on the No. 2 squib for both the left and right fire extinguisher bottles. Circuit continuity is tested again for the squib on the APU fire extinguisher bottle.
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