Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Change is …..
To alter, modify, revolutionize, transform….
Survival and success --- go out of existence
manner
Reasons for Change
Factors may lead to a necessity for change
To improve performance
the employees
To improve the quality and productivity of an
organisation
To compete in the changing market environment
possible
Making Change Happen
Grassroots Change
An unofficial and informal bottom-up approach. Change
that is spontaneous, informal, experimental, and driven
from within.
Organization development
(OD)
Planned change programs intended to help
people and organizations function more
effectively.
Applying behavioral science principles, methods, and
theories to create and cope with change.
OD creates fundamental change in the organization, as
opposed to fixing a problem or improving a procedure.
OD programs generally are facilitated by hired
consultants,
Objectives of OD
Deepen the sense of organizational purpose.
Strengthen interpersonal trust.
Encourage problem solving rather than
avoidance.
Develop a satisfying work experience.
Supplement formal authority with knowledge and
skill-based authority.
Increase personal responsibility for planning and
implementing.
Encourage willingness to change.
OD Change Process….Kurt
Lewin
Unfreezing
Changing or Moving
Refreezing
Unfreezing
Breaking down existing ways of doing things
Discarding conventional methods & behavioral
patterns
Introduce new methods & behavior
Techniques:
Education,
Communication,
Participation in decision-making, etc.
Changing or Moving
Move towards proposed change
New learning
It is a time of trial & error
Careful guidance – problems arise – tackled
efficiently
Refreezing
Technology Issues
Technology is considered the engine of growth in today’s world. Perhaps the
greatest challenge for contemporary organizations is the acquisition and
integration of technology in its strategy, structure and process.
Stress and Stress
Management
Stress
A dynamic condition in which an individual is
confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or
demand related to what he or she desires and for
which the outcome is perceived to be both
uncertain and important.
Potential Sources of
Stress
Environmental Factors
Economic uncertainties of the business cycle
Political uncertainties of political systems
Technological uncertainties of technical innovations
Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security
Organizational Factors
Task demands related to the job
Role demands of functioning in an organization
Interpersonal demands created by other employees
Organizational structure (rules and regulations)
Organizational leadership (managerial style)
Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
Potential Sources of
Stress
Individual Factors
Family and personal relationships
Economic problems from exceeding earning
capacity
Personality problems arising for basic disposition
Managing Stress
Individual Approaches
Implementing time management
Relaxation training
Organizational Approaches
Improved personnel selection and job placement
Training
Redesigning of jobs